‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


So how is advocacy planning different from incremental adaptive planning?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

So how is advocacy planning different from incremental adaptive planning?
Both incremental action and adaptive management imply experimentation and iterative reassessment 
based on feedback. There is no doubt that these are important strategies in a mix of planning methods.
In practice, however, incrementalism meant choosing among the claims of competing interests


207
Bioregional Planning 
case-by-case. It did not mean looking 
behind
these claims to find alternative designs that meet whole 
systems needs. We are increasingly applying the rhetoric of adaptive management to new projects, 
instead of implementing known and safe solutions creatively to fix existing development problems.
Adaptive management is an experimental approach that is appropriate for 
unknowns
. It is for scientists 
to explore unknowns; it is for environmental planners and managers to implement known, positive 
solutions. Terms like ‘iterative, incremental and adaptive’ have an ecological ring to them, but they do 
not mean ‘reversible’. Despite its theoretical claims, incremental adaptive management is also used as 
an excuse for procrastination in implementing eco-solutions and developing reversible structures. It 
could be seen as a case of ‘theory justifying inaction’. The built environment requires re-envisioning 
and re-designing reversible, net positive environments, not defensive adaptation and mitigation of 
existing templates. For example, the current response to greenhouse gas emissions is somewhat 
negative and defensive: to ‘adapt’ to symptoms rather than address causes (on the grounds that ‘it is 
too late’). Just as a belief in markets allows us to avoid ‘seeing’ equity issues, a belief in incrementalism 
allows us to avoid ‘doing’, or investing in affirmative action.

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