‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


How would we ensure the ecosystems receiving credits actually survive?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How would we ensure the ecosystems receiving credits actually survive? 
It is true that the soil, plants and biota – or even the infrastructure that supports them – could be 
neglected or later removed by tenants or future owners. However, monitoring and enforcement is an 


198
Positive Development
issue in all development approvals. This problem is not any different to that of established building 
rating and development approval schemes. Monitoring developments for adherence to conditional 
approvals or other planning regulations has been a weak point in most development control 
authorities. The energy efficiency and environmental impact predictions that form the basis for 
the approval, rating or awards can be highly inaccurate in the first place. Also, the equipment 
may simply not be installed or implemented after the rating is received [Box 20]. There is little 
third party verification or post-occupancy evaluation as yet. Further, tenants’ future behaviour 
can nullify an energy and water efficient design in any case. In the case of eco-services, however, 
the design criteria can ensure that only actual 
infrastructure
for ecosystem services counts, not 
intentions or plans. After all, if one has already invested in internal or external infrastructure to 
support eco-services, they or a subsequent tenant are likely to want to maintain it, if only for the 
amenity value. Of course, planters on exterior walls and roofs must be provided with shade, light 
and water. In fact, all living things must be designed for. While eco-services are theoretically 
self-managing and self-repairing, a degree of maintenance would be required when ecosystems 
are integrated with the built environment.
How can we ensure that building-integrated ecosystems are maintained?
All physical infrastructure needs periodic maintenance. Fossil fuel-based systems are generally 
more expensive to maintain than natural systems. Nonetheless, we generally accept these 
conventional costs as given and do not deduct them. One way to ensure that points gained through 
conventional green rating schemes and ecological space are legitimate and maintained over time is 
to put systems in place for post-occupancy evaluation and ‘green’ facilities management. Facilities 
managers are currently not rewarded for improving buildings, let alone increasing their eco-
productivity [Chapter 9]. To assist the shift from measuring nature’s ability to cope with human 
interference to measuring responsible human management, we need a new profession of facilities 
managers that have ecological training. We have noted that it is easier to measure improvements 
than the negative ramifications of harmful systems and designs in unknown future climatic and 
ecological conditions. It is also easier to reward positive actions that managers take than figuring 
out just how irresponsible we can allow developers and designers to be before environmental costs 
to the public outweigh the financial benefits to the developer, require fixing at public expense or 
are simply too late to address.

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