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Positive Development
issue in all development approvals. This problem is not any different to that of established building
rating and development approval schemes. Monitoring developments for adherence to conditional
approvals or other planning regulations has been a weak point in most development control
authorities. The energy efficiency and environmental impact predictions that form the basis for
the approval, rating or awards can be highly inaccurate in the first place. Also, the equipment
may simply not be installed or implemented after the rating is received [Box 20]. There is little
third party verification or post-occupancy evaluation as yet. Further, tenants’ future behaviour
can nullify an energy and water efficient design in any case. In the case of eco-services, however,
the design criteria can ensure that only actual
infrastructure
for ecosystem services counts, not
intentions or plans. After all, if one has already invested in internal or external infrastructure to
support eco-services, they or a subsequent tenant are likely to want to maintain it, if only for the
amenity value. Of course, planters on exterior walls and roofs must be provided with shade, light
and water. In fact, all living things must be designed for. While eco-services are theoretically
self-managing and self-repairing, a degree of maintenance would be required when ecosystems
are integrated with the built environment.
How can we ensure that building-integrated ecosystems are maintained?
All physical infrastructure needs periodic maintenance. Fossil fuel-based systems are generally
more expensive to maintain than natural systems. Nonetheless, we generally accept these
conventional costs as given and do not deduct them. One way to ensure that points gained through
conventional green rating schemes and ecological space are legitimate and maintained over time is
to put systems in place for post-occupancy evaluation and ‘green’ facilities management. Facilities
managers are currently not rewarded for improving buildings, let alone increasing their eco-
productivity [Chapter 9]. To assist the shift from measuring nature’s ability to cope with human
interference to measuring responsible human management, we need a new profession of facilities
managers that have ecological training. We have noted that it is easier to measure improvements
than the negative ramifications of harmful systems and designs in unknown future climatic and
ecological conditions. It is also easier to reward positive actions that managers take than figuring
out just how irresponsible we can allow developers and designers to be before environmental costs
to the public outweigh the financial benefits to the developer, require fixing at public expense or
are simply too late to address.
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