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But don’t trading systems ensure private industry will perform their duties?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

But don’t trading systems ensure private industry will perform their duties?
In a world where private industry can challenge environmental laws as barriers to trade, large incentives 
are needed to encourage the fulfilment of ethical responsibilities. Trading adds opportunities for 
speculation on an international scale. Reducing public spending on environmental management by 
shifting responsibility to the private sector through trading systems may appear cheap. However, it 
is not a cure for having let industry shift these externalities onto civil society in the first place. As 
the costs of floods, hurricanes, droughts and rising sea-levels take their toll, ‘small governments’ are 
having to fall back on the military to deal with large-scale environmental disasters (eg New Orleans).
In the public sector vacuum left by market-dominated solutions, paradoxically, private insurance 
companies are becoming the de facto environmental standard-setting bodies. They are increasingly 
refusing to ensure risky projects on business grounds. The United Nations Environment Program 
and reinsurer Munich Re calculated that, by 2050, the negative effects of global warming may cost 
the global economy US$300 billion a year. This cost estimate was increased dramatically by the 2007 
Stern Report in the UK and may increase yet again as information about climate change grows.
8
While 
insurance companies can stop risky projects, however, they are not structured to provide ecological 
restoration – let alone Positive Development. It may be quicker and cheaper from a whole systems 
perspective to regulate against bad development, rather than rely on its ultimate lack of profitability.
However, we also need systems to facilitate good design in the first place. Both ecological preservation 
and eco-retrofitting currently have to compete with development that does not have to carry its own 
weight (let alone its ecological waste).

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