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Isn’t carbon trading still a low cost and efficient activity overall?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Isn’t carbon trading still a low cost and efficient activity overall? 
It is effective for reducing the ‘growing rate’ of emission more cheaply, but only for the industries 
involved. It is not necessarily cheaper for society as a whole. The fastest solution to environmental 
problems can be cheaper in the long term. As we saw earlier, trading schemes transfer public goods 
to private interests without determining the value of the eco-services. A price on carbon emissions 
may be recommended by scientists, but it is mediated by politics. Rights to public resources are 
allocated to the private sector without it having to pay the full costs of the land surface. This can 
indirectly increase the wealth of those positioned to acquire rights cheaply and in turn secure their 
future political influence. Also, if a company emits carbon in manufacturing on the grounds they 
have purchased carbon credits in another nation’s forests, there can be enforcement issues and costs.
If the forest is subsequently harvested or destroyed by fire or disease, liability for replanting forests 
can be resolved with legal instruments. However, payment for carbon credits in politically unstable 
or corrupt governments may not benefit the local indigenous population that may have relied on the 
forest goods and services for their subsistence. Conceivably, resources that indigenous people draw 
from forests could be indirectly expropriated without compensation where a forest is preserved. On 
top of that, little is being done about illegal logging in ‘third world’ countries. Companies do not like 
being undercut by illegal logging of tropical forests, but market forces are not good at stopping cheap 
products, regardless of their source. Preventing illegal logging requires direct action by governments.
In the end, we cannot really know if social injustices resulting from trading schemes outweigh the 
‘presumed’ environmental gain, as it is a self-referential system [Chapter 15].

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