‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


Why can’t futures thinking tools simply aim to make everyone better off?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Why can’t futures thinking tools simply aim to make everyone better off?
The above futures thinking tools are mainly designed to choose means to get products and processes 
onto the market, advance the position of an organization in the market place, or choose a course of 
action in a given socio-political context. To re-design systems, products and environments would 
require planning systems that enable the 
design
of eco-solutions, not tools for making choices. Like 


179
Futures Thinking Tools
many other decision aids, futures thinking tools tend to reflect the competitive values inherent in 
‘game theory’. Those who see the world as a game (a pinball or poker machine writ large) aim to gain 
some advantage, score points, or get somewhere with less costs and risks. A competitive, negative and 
defensive framework has evolved that perpetuates zero sum outcomes. Given the existing inequitable 
context, sustainability requires correcting the slope of the playing field so it is less biased towards 
special interests and more biased towards whole-of-society benefits. We need to re-design the game 
board itself. This means we need new frameworks (such as SmartMode) to help us understand how 
the game is rigged, and how to re-design it so that everybody wins – including future generations and 
other species. Futures tools and other ‘soft technologies’ can be used in combination with sustainable 
decision frameworks, but only if we bear in mind the hidden assumptions embedded in their design.
It is important to apply them strategically, not routinely or formalistically. But before looking at 
planning and decision-making systems that may be more suitable for sustainability, we will examine 
the prevalent strategy for implementing change: environmental trading systems. 





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