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Why haven’t SA processes been used to encourage net Positive Development?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Why haven’t SA processes been used to encourage net Positive Development?
There are many reasons. One is that most planning processes, including what is called sustainability 
assessment, respond to private initiatives. When planners proactively invite development proposals 
to, say, encourage urban revitalization, it is still usually to promote ‘growth’. Neither public nor 
private development is undertaken to increase the urban ecology. SAs are designed to assess 
new
development, and this creates a vacuum (which nature abhors). Assessment processes do not look 
at what we can do to address the urban problems and damage that has already been created. Thus, 
for example, few eco-retrofitting proposals are on the table, despite the benefits for developers, 


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Urban Sustainability Assessment
government and community [Chapter 2]. Also, assessment processes place development issues in 
an ‘interest balancing’ framework rather than a net positive one. Offsets legitimize additional impacts.
Similarly, because current assessment methods 
aggregate
externalities or impacts, they create the 
impression that the negative impacts on each individual citizen would be small if a project were 
approved, but would mean huge losses for the individual developer if not approved. Another reason 
that SA processes do not encourage Positive Development is that, in a market economy, planners find 
it easier to implement development controls, guidelines and tick-the-box processes than to conceive 
and devise on-ground whole systems improvements. Instead of just assessing impacts, governments 
could assist developers to identify net positive investment opportunities [Chapter 14].
Can’t consultants identify positive criteria and opportunities for developers?
Not at present. Consultancies generally apply their methods to specific tasks of benefit to their 
patrons. They make profits by replicating a standard idea or process, not by solving unique problems 
that affect the whole community. Individually, some make very positive contributions, but most 
consulting amounts to the repeated application of brand methods. On the one hand, consultants 
cannot represent the public interest. On the other, planners get little encouragement from civil 
society to do more planning in the public interest. There is also little public appreciation of the 
benefits of planning in the first place. The widespread, detailed, analytical activity performed by 
private consultants, checked and ticked off by public planners, can also lull people into believing that 
sophisticated activities are being undertaken. This is especially the case where SAs purport to be 
‘comprehensive’ and sustainable, giving the impression that the problems of development are being 
addressed. In reality, assessment processes are still applied to relatively few proposals, and mostly 
only address pollution and energy impacts. Hence, even many environmentalists incorrectly assume 
that sustainability issues would be addressed 
if only
these methods were more widely adopted over 
more project proposals and more layers of policymaking. Just as we saw at the building scale, then, 
environmental assessment displaces creative processes with book-keeping. If there are no methods
or resources to directly stimulate systems re-design at the urban scale, it is very unlikely to occur.

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