‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


But isn’t transport reduction still the best way to lower greenhouse impacts?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

But isn’t transport reduction still the best way to lower greenhouse impacts?
It is essential that all sectors reduce greenhouse gas impacts, but transport is a relatively small 
contributor to greenhouse gas totals. While 70 per cent of roads are in cities, only 5 to 10 per cent 
of greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to road transport globally. The 
production
of cars is 
reportedly a bigger contributor of greenhouse gas emissions than driving. Car ownership is not 
necessarily reduced by fewer car trips. Encouraging less driving while maintaining a fossil-fuel 
driven automobile industry is hypocritical. Likewise, measures of energy and greenhouse gases 
greatly underestimate the benefits of public space or treat it as a negative. Public open space not 
only allows ecological and environmental benefits, it can create more social space and interaction, 
as seen in Curitiba [Chapter 1]. So policies driven by energy reduction – instead of conversion to 
solar energy – can lead to inadequate solutions in terms of social vitality, quality of life and public 
health. Reducing the energy and greenhouse gas emissions of transport by densification would not 


54
Positive Development
come to terms with the problems of urbanization, or increase overall urban life quality. Efficiency 
is not a good surrogate for environmental quality or ecological health. Fossilized sources of energy 
and materials in buildings create a large portion of the chemical toxins and allergens in the indoor 
environment. The impact of dense living on health is still downplayed. Indoor pollution is usually 
many times greater than outdoor pollution, due to the fact that outdoor pollution seeps into buildings 
while petrochemical materials off-gas toxins in poorly ventilated buildings. Environmental quality 
requires the improvement of health, not a reduction in illness. This requires space for plants to clean 
and cool the urban air.

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