‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how

see also
public estate
spatial design, equity 58
special interests 141, 226
Specialized Packaging Services 335
species protection 188
standardized construction 108
standardized passive solar design 102–103
state of environment (SoE) reporting 151, 320
state–market model 230
status quo 22, 129, 143, 153, 154, 252
steel-frame housing 302
St Vincent de Paul, US 238
subsidies xix, 19, 27, 51, 225–226
substantive due process 254–255
substitutability xvi
substitution 8
suburbs 34, 49, 50, 55–57, 285
sulphur dioxide trading 190
sunk costs 129
supply and demand 337
Supply-Chain Environmental Analysis Tool 
(SEAT) 318
supply chains 318
survey techniques 330
survival, means of 
see
means of survival
sustainability
achieving xx, 4, 219
affordability xx
audits 132
built environment 15, 253
definitions xv, xvii, 252–253
design 141, 168, 247
ecological xxi
economic xxi
economic indicators 157–158
future options xvii, 144
goals xxi
governments 232, 238, 240, 325–326
indicators 159
MFA 138
new standard 63
planning 149, 229, 323
poor people xviii
rating tools 84
resource transfers 243
social transformation 228
substitution 8
threshold questions 172
trading schemes 190
values xviii
whole systems re-design 273
see also
constitutional structures; 
SmartMode
sustainability assessments (SAs) 117–130
democracy 126–127
eco-retrofitting 125
environmental impact assessments (EIAs)
120
environmental preservation 126
impact assessments 118–119
land uses 119
offsets 124, 127
planning 128–129
Positive Development 120–121, 123, 124, 
130
sustainability 120
tradeoffs 123–124
sustainability reporting 147–161
accountability 148
buildings 160

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407
Index
cities 320
decision-making 151–152
indicators 156–159
objectivity 152, 153
organizational culture 148
regional 149
status quo 153
targets 149–150
trends 21
sustainability standard 15–16, 41, 92–94, 269
sustainable cities 13, 25, 26, 323
see also
cities
sustainable design 13–14
sustainable development xv–xvi
sustainable future 225
sustainable land uses 122–123
sustainable urban form 43–60
compact cities 58–59
ideological positions 24–25
indicators 147
land-use regulation 47–48
linear-reductionist paradigm 43–48, 287
natural security 57
plans 220
road transport 50–51, 52–54
space 59–60
starting point 55
suburbs 55–57
see also
sustainability assessments; 
sustainability reporting; sustainable 
cities
systemic corruption xix, 226
systems
boundaries 261–263
change 20, 87, 91
re-design 121, 247
transformation 237
T
targets 149–150
Tasmania 136–137, 172
TBL (triple bottom line) 15, 124
TDRs (transferable development rights) 182
technological conventions 145
technology roadmapping 167
terminology 253
textiles 342
thermal chips 280
third-sector businesses 228
threshold hypothesis 319
threshold questions, sustainability 172
timber 75–76, 138–139, 225
toxic work relations 156–157
tradeoffs 123–124, 157
trading schemes 21
see also
eco-service trading schemes
transferable development rights (TDRs) 182
transport
costs 143
greenhouse gases 45, 53
road 45, 50–51, 52–54
supply chains 318
travel cost 330
triple bottom line (TBL) 15, 124
Trombe walls 279
trucking 
see
road transport
true zero waste 13, 63
see also
zero waste
tyres 241
U
UK (United Kingdom) 34, 64
United States 
see
US
unjust enrichment 132, 142–143, 244, 271
up-cycling 241, 270
urban consolidation 24, 50, 59, 289
see also
compact cities; densification
urban cooling 280
urban density 288, 289
urban design, ideal aims 45–46
urban ecology 247
urban environment 9, 16, 24–25
see also
built environment; cities
urban farms 32
urban gardens 24
urban heat islands 280

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408
Positive Development
urban life 3
urban planning 202–203
urban resource flows 325
urban space 
see
space
urban sustainability 
see
sustainable urban form
urban systems 44
urban wind energy 296–298
US
Constitution 220, 222, 225
construction waste 64
deconstruction 283
eco-retrofitting 28, 39
habitat protection 189
net positive manufacturing 72
planning 122
public health 29