‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how

J
jewellery 190
jobs, creating 11
judicial processes 222
L
land, private ownership 224, 226
landfill 34, 65, 106
land-use regulation 47–48
land uses 119, 122–123
see also
planning
language 253
LCA 
see
life-cycle analysis
least cost planning 177
legislative processes 222–223, 228, 232
liberty, basis of 225
life-cycle analysis (LCA) 75, 88–90, 136, 137–
138, 263
life quality 135
lighting, upgrades 28, 30
limits of resources xv–xvi
linear analysis 45
linear-reductionist paradigm 43–48
linear-reductionist urban analysis 287
living buildings 113–114
Living Machines 242, 279
living walls 322
local people 209
M
manufacturing, net positive 71–72
market failure 248
market price 329–330
markets
eco-retrofitting 37
environmental problems 181
functions 228, 231

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402
Positive Development
innovation 20
investment activity 48
life issues 220
product differentiation 238
sustainability 8
systems transformation 237
urban form 25
see also
businesses; pricing
Marvel Glass 335
material flow analysis 
see
MFA
materials 
see
product procurement
Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) 295
means of survival
access to 219, 223, 226, 253
alienation of 243
equity 133
governments 226
media, news 221
Melbourne, Australia 29
metabolic studies 137
metabolism concept 67–69
MetroQuest 323
MFA (material flow analysis) 75, 131, 135–140, 
259, 263, 316
micro-labourers 280
military activity, cost 8
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report
xvi
mind maps 174
mission statements 220
Mississippi, US 184
monetary equivalents 329
Murray Lakes, Australia 334
Murrumbidgee, Australia 334
mushrooms 280
N
Napa, US 187
National Environment Protection Act
(NEPA, US) xv
natural areas, locking up 14
natural capital, increasing 68–69
natural resources 
see
means of survival; nature; 
resource allocation systems; resources
natural security 57, 333
natural sequence farming 247
natural systems, building design concepts 17
nature
carrying capacity xv, xvi, 13, 68, 246
development 70–71
environmental management 7
humans 221, 222
views of xix, 68–70, 74, 226
see also
means of survival; resource 
allocation systems; resources
nature to development, resource transfers
246–247
needs, human xvi
negative assumptions, environmental 
management 6
negative impacts 244
negative resource transfers 340
negative space 47, 144, 271
negativity xix
negligence 243–244
neighbourhoods, greening 34
NEPA (National Environment Protection Act, 
US) xv
net positive buildings 71, 309
net positive cities 71
net positive development 242, 277
assessment criteria 294
evolution towards 315
examples 279–280
SmartMode 271
see also
Positive Development
net positive manufacturing 71–72
net positive natural capital 341
net positive social capital 341
net positive systems 242, 271
new decision arena 
see
ethics-based decision 
sphere
New Orleans, US 184
news media 221
New York, US 186
NGOs (non-governmental organizations) 20, 
100, 185, 265, 266, 272
no loop design xxii, 241, 270–271
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 20, 
100, 185, 265, 266, 272
nuclear power 77

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403
Index
O
objectives, SmartMode 257–258
offsets 15, 124, 127, 327–328
see also
eco-service trading schemes
open space 55, 59, 60
operating energy 49
opportunity costs 250, 271
organic materials 104–105, 106
organic structures 104
organic waste 338
organizational culture 148
outside–in approach, design 109–112, 309
outsourcing 185, 245
over-consumption 133, 135
P
Pareto Optimum 155, 269