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see also
assessment
buildings
commercial 33–34
continuous improvement 159–160
deconstruction 30–31, 283
domestic 34–35
double-skin 32, 281
durable 104–105
ecosystems 197–198
embodied energy 49
energy 16
failures, design for 301
greenhouse gases 16
historic 31, 32, 33
impacts 5
living buildings 113–114
nature as model 17
net positive 71, 309
prefabricated 107–108
resource autonomous 15, 34
resource-intensive 21
steel-frame 302
see also
built environment; construction;
eco-retrofitting; green buildings
built environment
consumer behaviour 5
consumption driver 8
design xxii, 4, 5, 53
ecological conditions 3
sustainability 15, 253
wealth transfers 10
see also
buildings; cities;
urban environment
businesses
eco-governance 225, 227
incentives 47
negligence 243–244
public health 29
third-sector 228
see also
markets
buying back resources 188
C
California, US 65, 97, 187
Cambodia 342
Canberra, Australia 236
carbon sequestration 191
see also
geo-sequestration
carbon trading 181, 190, 191, 192, 338
car industry 239
carrying capacity xv, xvi, 13, 68, 246
car transport
see
road transport
case-by-case frameworks 125–126
CBA (cost–benefit analysis) 329
cement 136
certification 21, 321
395
Index
change
behavioural 70
decision-making 225
encouraging 156
incentives 20
planning 21
resistance to 239
systems 20, 87, 91
charrettes 209
cheaper housing 107
checks and balances 222, 223, 227
children xviii
China, Dongtan 25
choices xviii, 65, 205
CI (costs of inaction) 156, 261
circular economics 339
cities
compact 24, 43, 58–59
consumption 10
density 288, 289
design for eco-services 17
metabolism concept 68
nature reserves 14
net positive 71
resource flows 325
sustainability reporting 320
urban form 288
view of xix
see also
built environment; sustainable
cities; urban environment
citizen mapping 209
civil society 22, 243–244
cleaner production 240
climate change 157
see also
global warming
closed loops xxii, 70, 241, 315, 324
collaboration 253
collateral damage 244
collective decision-making 230
colour, people of 336
commercial buildings 33–34
common good 225
communities 251, 265, 272
see also
public involvement
community management 334
compact cities 24, 43, 58–59
see also
urban consolidation
companies
see
businesses
competing interests, planning 206
compost 338
computer-aided design 108
computer-based planning tools 323
conflict, fundamental 221
consolidation
see
urban consolidation
constitutional structures 219–220, 222–225,
254–256
construction
digital modelling 307–308
impacts of 8
industrial ecology 72–73
nature of 19–20
new 67
recycled materials 30
waste 64, 66, 283
consultancies 85, 121, 153
consumers xviii, 5, 65
consumption 8, 9–10, 132–134, 133, 135
contextual design 311
contingent choice 330
contingent valuation 330
continuous improvement 159–160
conventional design 312
conventional development 5, 9–10, 19, 129,
220
Co-operative Research Centre for Sustainable
Resource Processing (CSRP) 317
Copenhagen, Denmark 288
corporations
see
businesses
corporatist decision-making 227
corruption xix, 226
Costa Rica 187
cost–benefit analysis (CBA) 329
costs
avoided 329
contextual systems 143–144
costs of inaction 156, 261
development 27
eco-retrofitting 24, 27, 35, 36
full cost pricing 19, 27, 249
global warming 186
green buildings 23
military activity 8
opportunity 250, 271
past decisions 129
396
Positive Development
solar technologies 143
space 114
sunk 129
transport 143
travel 330
costs of inaction (CI) 156, 261
creativity 168
credits 192–196, 327–328
critical resources
see
resource transfers
Crossroads Project, Australia 227
CSRP (Co-operative Research Centre for
Sustainable Resource Processing) 317
Curitiba, Brazil 12–13
D
data-based processes
see
quantitative
approaches
dead space 103, 196
deaths, heat-related causes 3
decision-making
accountability 154–155
change 225
collective 230
corporatist 227
design xxi
dominant mode xx–xxi
environmental 230
ethical principles 220–221, 228–232
ethics-based decision sphere 228–232
inaction 207
planning 145–146, 203
processes 222–223
resource allocation systems 227
SmartMode 254–256
sustainability reporting 151–152
unjust enrichment 143
decision trees 333
deconstruction, buildings 30–31, 283
defensive design 135
democracy 77, 126–127, 170–171, 224
Denmark 288
densification 43, 46, 55
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