‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


Level 3 – Closing loops and ‘up-cycling’



Download 3,71 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet301/467
Sana27.06.2022
Hajmi3,71 Mb.
#707769
1   ...   297   298   299   300   301   302   303   304   ...   467
Bog'liq
Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Level 3 – Closing loops and ‘up-cycling’
This level requires actions that reduce the impacts of 
past
development, as well as ongoing and future 
impacts. Closing loops is where a new innovation or activity reduces toxins or waste already in the 
environment, such as drawing methane from an old landfill site. Up-cycling means using what would 
otherwise be waste, while creating a higher economic use.
For example, whereas down-cycling would be turning bricks into road base, up-cycling would be 
re-using the bricks in a ‘reverse Trombe wall’ or living walls to contribute to both ecological and 
human functions. Industrial ecology projects, which close loops among existing industries, could 
amount to either up-cycling or down-cycling. For example, turning used wooden pallets into designer 
furniture instead of fire wood can be considered up-cycling. However, the profitable product may 
only be of higher value monetary – which is often the case in conspicuous consumption items. Thus 
converting waste products to refugee shelters (up-cycling) could be distinguished from converting 
waste into trinkets that do not meet basic needs (or down-cycling). Closed loop processes do not 
necessarily meet basic needs, nor do they usually achieve zero waste. Yet there are cases where the 
poor have created jobs for themselves by, for example, converting waste magazines or Coke cans into 
jewellery or art works [Boxes 16 and 54]. This improves their financial condition, while increasing 
social justice.
Level 4 – Zero waste and ‘no loop design’
This refers to innovations where waste is 
designed out 
of a past, ongoing or future system entirely 
(notwithstanding entropy). This is what McDonough and Braungart call ‘no loop systems’.
9
No loop 
design is that which does not require recycling processes. For example, chopsticks and bowls can be 
made edible, or bricks can be made interlocking and therefore totally reusable.
Even if the system involves deconstructing and reconstructing products, a process could still be 
considered zero waste if it eliminates an ongoing 
past
problem. For example, millions of tyres are 
still stockpiled around the world. An Australian ‘backyard inventor’ found a way to 
deconstruct
used tyres, and reuse all the materials in a range of new products.
10
There is virtually no waste as all 
parts are used and can produce high value products. The inventiveness was in working out how to 
deconstruct these technically-sophisticated tyre parts – which tyre manufacturers, with billions in 
profits, apparently could not do. This could convert huge stockpiles of waste to raw materials for a 
range of other possible positive uses, undoing some of the past damage. (Worldwide, an estimated 
1.2 billion waste tyres are generated every year.) Given the scale of the problem the eco-innovation 
addresses, therefore, it has potential to make change on a significant scale.


242
Positive Development

Download 3,71 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   297   298   299   300   301   302   303   304   ...   467




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish