‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


Doesn’t putting a price on eco-services help to preserve them?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Doesn’t putting a price on eco-services help to preserve them?
It can, but it also diminishes nature’s true value. Some have made the observation that eco-services are 
essential to life itself, so putting a dollar value on them is an inherently flawed – though a well-intended 
– exercise. That is, while US$33 trillion was a big number at the time, it seriously underestimated 
infinity.
5
If life on Earth is only worth trillions, then given the growing divide between rich and poor, 


184
Positive Development
and the privatization of the means of survival, a single individual or corporation may soon be able 
to buy the Earth in its entirety. In some cases, the financial worth of eco-services becomes greater 
as they become more scarce, so poachers or corporations with control over scarce resources would 
stand to gain by increasing their scarcity. We have seen this already in reduced numbers of seed 
varieties and endangered species. The value of private access to rare animals goes up when they are 
more endangered, so there is no incentive to make such species commonplace. For example, before 
the recent conflicts in Uganda, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo, gorillas were visited 
by tourist parties. The natural habitat itself was effectively converted into a zoo. Having come to 
trust humans, many gorillas were later slaughtered by militants in Uganda. Moreover, valuing eco-
services can lead to negative tradeoffs. If a firm wants to continue polluting, for instance, it can buy 
forests and commit to not chopping them down in the future. However, there is no net gain where 
the forests already exist. Likewise, in the case of restoring ‘degraded farmland’ to forests, these lands 
existed 
as forest
until the recent past. In come countries, a commitment not to chop forests down 
can be rescinded when circumstances or governments change. We have seen something similar in 
the case of international commitments to ban commercial exploitation of whales. On the bright side
however, the growing commercial interest in eco-service trading is having some positive spin-offs.
It shows that, in some cases, simply leaving ecosystems alone can be profitable.

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