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Why does a case-by-case framework create biases against eco-retrofitting?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Why does a case-by-case framework create biases against eco-retrofitting?
The potential of new development to correct existing problems in the urban environment is limited 
by the reactive, incremental framework of SAs. Proposed projects only need to be ‘greener’ than 
alternative proposals. There would need to be a competing proposal to retrofit the old commercial 
district on the table at the same time for it to be compared to the above regional shopping area. Today 
there is a growing 
rhetorical
appreciation of the need to consider development proposals in the context 
of cumulative and regional impacts. This is growing due partly to the fact that green field sites are 
increasingly limited. The fact that farmland has been displaced by regional shopping centres, for 
example, is beginning to bite into food productivity. In many cases, however, development of green 


126
Positive Development
field sites is deemed ‘sustainable’ if there are enough social benefits or green building features thrown 
in.
18
Ironically, green field developments have also been favoured by accounting that expands the 
range of ways to offset ecological losses. For example, green field developments can claim offsets of 
negative impacts by purchasing ‘green power’ elsewhere, rather than designing zero carbon buildings.
Gradually, a ‘looser’ range of offsets has been accepted in order to justify development approvals.
Green power, which essentially charges people extra for clean energy, penalizes users of clean energy 
sources and removes the guilt from users of subsidized, dirty energy. We could remove perverse 
incentives such as green power and simply require users of ‘dirty’ energy to pay relatively more, at 
least over time (costs could be passed onto consumers uniformly and fairly through cross-subsidies).
On a green field site, no 
ecological
compensation is required, only 
social
compensation, because we 
cannot increase the carrying capacity of natural environments.

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