[Basically you more or less agree. You
too speak of the sensitivity of the
individual confronted with a blind
crowd.]
C:
Je n’ai pas dit ça.
[I didn’t say that.]
I didn’t say that.
M:
Non,
ce que tu as dit je crois, c’est qu’à
chances égales, il y aurait comme une
selection des gens qui seraient destinés
a…
[No, what you said, I think, was that,
all things being equal, there might be
some kind
of selection of those who
might be destined to…]
You said that, in any group, a select few
are more likely to…
C:
Mais pas du tout.
[But not at all.]
I did not!
M:
Tu as dit que certains voient des choses
que d’autres ne voient pas.
[You said that some see things that
others do not.]
You said some people see what others
don’t.
S:
Oui, c’est ce que vous avez dit.
[Yes, that’s what you said.]
That’s what you said.
C:
Oui mais…non. Enfin, moi, je n’exclus
personne.
[Yes but…no. Well, I exclude no-one.]
Yes…no!
I exclude nobody.
X:
Mais moi non plus.
[But neither do I.]
Neither do I.
S:
Bien sur.
[Of course.]
Of course.
L:
Et toi, tu n’as pas d’avis sur la
question?
[And you, have you no opinion on the
question?]
And you? Have you no opinion?
S:
Non. [No.]
C:
Aucun. [None.]
None?
L:
II est au-dessus du débat.
[He is above the discussion.]
He’s above it all.
S:
Non, j’entends
des arguments
contradictoires et tous valables.
[No, I hear arguments which are
contradictory and all valid.]
No, I hear conflicting arguments, all
valid.
C:
Tout s’annule, c’est ça. On ne peut plus
parler de rien.
[Everything cancels everything else
out, that’s it.
One can no longer talk about anything.]
They cancel each other out, so we may
as well shut up?
POLITENESS IN SCREEN TRANSLATING 75
S:
C’est
une tentation, en effet. Je n’ai pas
votre bonne volonté.
[It’s a temptation, indeed. I do not have
your good intentions.]
It’s a tempting thought.
I lack your good intentions.
L:
Bien, nous respectons ton silence.
[Good, we respect your silence.]
All right.
We’ll respect your silence.
C:
Evidemment si on parle, on s’expose à
dire des conneries. Si on se tait, on ne
risque rien, on est tranquille,
on peut
même paraître intelligent. [Of course if
one speaks, one exposes oneself to
talking rubbish. If one keeps quiet, one
risks nothing, one is unconcerned, one
may even appear intelligent.]
Of course
If
we speak, we run the risk of being
wrong.
It’s easier to keep quiet and appear
intelligent.
S:
Peut-être simplement qu’on a peur.
[Perhaps simply one is afraid.]
Maybe it’s just fear.
In
Sample 5.2
, threats to face come thick and fast. At a dinner table discussion
initiated by someone who holds controversial opinions and is unafraid to go on-
record with them at some length (X has expounded his views in the immediately
preceding sequence), it becomes increasingly difficult to challenge these views
without exposing oneself to attack. Camille, however, attempts this, only to find
herself flatly contradicted and then reinterpreted by others. Noticing that
Stéphane is not similarly prepared to put himself on the line, she goes on to the
attack. The subtitler’s difficulties may be appreciated even from the script of the
source text reproduced here. To this must be added, of course, the pace of the
conversation on the sound-track, the need to represent each voice separately and
identify it with a particular character on screen. If politeness features were
difficult to relay in
Sample 5.1
, they will be all the more difficult to
accommodate in
Sample 5.2
.
Rather than attempt a complete analysis of the interaction in this sequence, we
propose to focus on selected features in order to add to what has already been
said. They are (1) Camille’s disagreement with the writer ‘X’; (2) Maxime’s
attempted reconciliation; and (3) Camille’s challenge to Stéphane.
1
Disagreement
The counter-argumentative structure employed by Camille (‘I agree …but’) at
the beginning of
Sample 5.2
is a conventional form of positive politeness,
claiming common ground before committing the face-threatening act of
disagreeing. (On the use of this text format and politeness in written texts, see
Chapter 8
.) This is so conventional that, especially in spoken French, the first
half of the structure is commonly omitted and utterances begin
Mais…. What is
76 THE TRANSLATOR AS COMMUNICATOR
noticeable here, however, is the power differential referred to earlier. As a
recognized writer, X has status within the situation and his opinions are valued.
Camille, on the other hand, is relatively powerless in this situation (her
recognized expertise lying elsewhere). Thus, she must pay full attention to her
interlocutor’s face (using the full counter-argumentative structure and putting her
view as a question —
C’est déjà beaucoup, non?) whereas he need make only the
minimal ritual gesture
(Mais non, Camille, c’est pire and
Mais ça c’est toujours
passé come ça). In translation, X is even more direct, without a hint of positive
politeness (‘No, Camille, it’s worse’ and ‘That’s nothing new’). In this sense, the
translation, although it modifies the interpersonal relations, does so in the
intended direction: the power differential between Camille and X is heightened.
2
Attempted reconciliation
Stéphane, feels the need to reconcile the two opposing viewpoints. Yet it will be
extremely face-threatening to suggest to two people who have gone on-record as
having diametrically opposed views that they are, in fact, in agreement with each
other. Consequently, Stéphane adopts the negative politeness strategy of hedging:
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