Chapter 11
Growing Up Apart: Child–Parent Separation
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The Children of Military Personnel
As of 2005, there were approximately 1.2 million school-age American
children with at least one parent on active military duty (Horton, 2005).
The numbers today may be much higher. These children live a unique
lifestyle, commonly relocating to bases across the globe, living among
other military transients, and more or less accustomed to one or both
parents’ absences of 6 months and longer when deployed. Although
likely to have more resources than children whose parents become
incarcerated, the two groups share the burdens (and the blessings
12
) of
a transient life.
What some writers have referred to as “military family syndrome”
(LaGrone, 1978; cf., Morrison, 1981) we might more conservatively
identify as the emotional cycle that families endure through the course
of successive separations and reunions. Pincus, House, Christenson,
and Adler (2008) describe the impact of this cycle on the children of
military personnel differentially by age, but with little consideration of
the relevant family dynamics.
In fact, the dynamics at work differ little whether the departing
parent is going to war or to jail or into extended inpatient treatment.
Faber and colleagues (2008) describe this as a reorganization of intra-
familial boundaries and roles. Interviews with the families of active
duty and military reservists reveal how the spouse and children left
behind struggle to fill in for the absent soldier/caregiver more or less
explicitly, taking on new responsibilities and, in so doing, at least
temporarily redefining their interrelationships. These changes may be
adaptive in the short run (even if unhealthy, as in the case of adultifica-
tion and parentification), but can create barriers to the absent parent’s
reintegration upon his or her return.
The case of the enlisted soldier is unique among these three scenar-
ios, however, in at least two ways. On the one hand, the military family’s
ability to anticipate and prepare for separation and reunion presumably
works to the benefit of all.
13,14
The need to shift roles and responsibilities
can be discussed in advance, plans for communication can be estab-
lished, healthy goodbyes can be set in motion, and the timing of reunifi-
cation is likely to be expectable. On the other hand, the soldier/parent
lives in two very distinct worlds, his or her transition between these
complicated by “the cultural burden of rank” (Horton, 2005, p. 260),
that hierarchy unique to the armed forces that defines roles and demands
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