The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate pdfdrive com

Chapter II: The Revenge of Geography
1.
Robert D. Kaplan, “Munich Versus Vietnam,” The Atlantic Online,
May 4, 2007.
2.
Hans J. Morgenthau, 
Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for
Power and Peace
, revised by Kenneth W. Thompson and W. David
Clinton (New York: McGraw Hill, 1948, 2006), pp. 3, 6, 7, 12;
Thucydides, 
The Peloponnesian War
, translated by Thomas Hobbes
(1629) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989); Anastasia
Bakolas, “Human Nature in Thucydides,” Wellesley College,
unpublished; Robert D. Kaplan, 
Warrior Politics: Why Leadership
Demands a Pagan Ethos
(New York: Random House, 2001).
3.
Morgenthau, 
Politics Among Nations
, pp. xviii–xix, 37, 181, 218–
20, 246, 248; William Cabell Bruce, 
John Randolph of Roanoke
(New
York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1922), vol. 2, p. 211; John J. Mearsheimer,
“The False Promise of International Institutions,” 
International
Security
, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Winter 1994–1995.
4.
Thomas Hobbes, 
Leviathan
, 1651, Chapter 15.
5.
Fareed Zakaria, “Is Realism Finished?,” 
The National Interest
,
Winter 1992–1993.
6.
Raymond Aron, 
Peace and War: A Theory of International
Relations
(Garden City: Doubleday, 1966), p. 321; José Ortega y
Gasset, 
The Revolt of the Masses
(Notre Dame, IN: University of
Notre Dame Press, 1985), p. 129.
7.
 Black, 
Maps and History: Constructing Images of the Past
(New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), pp. 58, 173, 216.
8.
Halford J. Mackinder, 
Democratic Ideas and Reality: A Study in
the Politics of Reconstruction
(New York: Henry Holt and Company,
1919), pp. 15–16, 1996 National Defense University edition.
9.
Morgenthau, 
Politics Among Nations
, p. 165.
10.
Alfred Thayer Mahan, 
The Problem of Asia and Its Effect Upon
International Policies
(London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1900), p. 56,
2005 Elibron edition.
11.
W. H. Parker, 
Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), pp. 93, 130–31.
12.
W. Gordon East, 
The Geography Behind History
(New York:

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Norton, 1965, 1967), p. 120.
13.
Nicholas J. Spykman, 
America’s Strategy in World Politics: The
United States and the Balance of Power
, with a new introduction by
Francis P. Sempa (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1942), pp. xv, 41. 2007
Transaction edition.
14.
 East, 
The Geography Behind History
, p. 38.
15.
 
Federalist
No. 8.
16.
Williamson Murray, “Some Thoughts on War and Geography,”
Journal of Strategic Studies
, Routledge, London, 1999, pp. 212, 214;
Colin S. Gray, “The Continued Primacy of Geography,” 
Orbis
,
Philadelphia, Spring 1996, p. 2.
17.
 Mackubin Thomas Owens, “In Defense of Classical Geopolitics,”
Naval War College Review
, Newport, Rhode Island, Autumn 1999, p.
72.
18.
 Spykman, 
America’s Strategy in World Politics
, p. 92.
19.
 James Fairgrieve, 
Geography and World Power
(New York: E. P.
Dutton, 1917), pp. 273–74.
20.
 John Western, Department of Geography, Syracuse University.
21.
John Gallup and Jeffrey Sachs, “Location, Location: Geography
and Economic Development,” 
Harvard International Review
,
Cambridge, Winter 1998–1999. In part, they are extrapolating from the
work of Jared Diamond.
22.
M. C. Ricklefs, Bruce Lockhart, Albert Lau, Portia Reyes, and
Maitrii Aung-Thwin, 
A New History of Southeast Asia
(New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), p. 21.
23.
 John Adams, 
Works
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1850–1856), vol. 4, p.
401.
24.
Robert D. Kaplan, 
Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a
Pagan Ethos
(New York: Random House, 2001), pp. 101–2.
25.
 Spykman, 
America’s Strategy in World Politics
, p. 43.
26.
 Murray, “Some Thoughts on War and Geography,” p. 213.
27.
Jakub J. Grygiel, 
Great Powers and Geopolitical Change
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), p. 15.
28.
Gray, “The Continued Primacy of Geography”; Murray, “Some
Thoughts on War and Geography,” p. 216.
29.
 Morgenthau, 
Politics Among Nations
, p. 124.
30.
 Isaiah Berlin, 
Four Essays on Liberty
(Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1969).
31.
 See Daniel J. Mahoney’s “Three Decent Frenchmen,” a review of

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Tony Judt’s 
The Burden of Responsibility, The National Interest
,
Summer 1999; see, too, 
History, Truth and Liberty: Selected Writings
of Raymond Aron
, edited by Franciszek Draus (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1985).
32.
Norman Davies, 
God’s Playground: A History of Poland
, vol. 1,
The Origins to 1795
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2005
[1981]), p. viii.

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