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The Theory of Three Styles.
Late 19th century - early 20th century. Historical lexicology and etymology are actively developing in the works of Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov, Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky, Yakov Karlovich Grot. Shevas are actively studied in Al's works. Ivanovich Sobolevskiy and IA Boduen de Kurtene). The works of Alexander Afanasyevich Potebnya and Mikhail Mikhailovich Pokrovsky made a great contribution to the development of world lexicology. Potebnya developed a general theory of the word, deepened the doctrine of the internal form of the word, created the doctrine of the direct, linguistic and subsequent, extralinguistic meanings of the word. Pokrovsky's works laid the foundations of general semiotics, revealed the general laws of word development.
II. First floor. 20th Century Swiss scholars F. de Saussure and Jaboduen de Courtenay put the 20th century before linguistics. the goal is to learn modern language, not dead languages. The study of language as a system of signs with a specific structure, rather than individual linguistic facts. The ideas of consistency and structure led to the rapid development of semiotics. They were reflected in the creation of the theory of lexical fields in German. Jost Trier and Walter Portsig.
General lexicology was actively developed. The word problem was developed as a linguistic unit. Linguists have tried to provide a philosophical basis for lexicological categories. The essence of lexical meaning is philosophically understood. V.Vinogradov proposed to classify lexical meanings.
In parallel with semantics, a sociolinguistic study of vocabulary developed. Representatives of the French school of sociology: Antoine Meille, Emile Benvenist, M. Cohen, Paul Lafargue were engaged in the study of the interdependence of vocabulary with the extralinguistic world, the history of words in the history of society. Linguists have identified functional differences in vocabulary.
In Russia, in the post-revolutionary years, the foundations of sociolinguistics were laid in the works of Evgeny Dmitrievich Polivanov, Nikolai Yakovlevich Mappa, Fedot Petrovich Filin, Ruben Alexandrovich Budagov. Studying the problem of "language and society", they determined the stratification of the dictionary (lat. Stratum - "layer") by area of use, frequency of use, origin, stylistic affiliation.
III. Second floor. 20th Century During this period, research in general and theoretical lexicology grew. Alexander Ivanovich Smirnitsky, Olga Sergeevna Akhmanova, Dmitry Nikolaevich Shmelev, Vladimir Andreevich Zvegintsev develop a general, universal theory for all languages as a matter of character, meaning, the relationship between words and concepts.
IV. The beginning of the 21st century is characterized by a change in scientific directions. Linguists turn to the analysis of word activity in speech. Computational linguistics, cognitive linguistics, functional linguistics, cultural linguistics are emerging. New concepts and categories are being developed in these disciplines: concept, linguistic image of the world, conceptual image of the world.
Topic 1: Lexicology as a science. The word. Polysemy and types of lexical meaning. The place of proper horses in the lexical system. Ideological division and systematization of the dictionary.
A dictionary is a set of words that make up a dictionary of a particular language as a symbol for objects, events, and concepts. Vocabulary is the subject of the science of lexicology.
Lexicology (from lexicon - "word, expression", logos - "education") is a branch of linguistics that studies the vocabulary or vocabulary of a language. Lexicology is interested in the word as a lexical unit with a system of inflectional forms with a specific lexical and objective meaning. Lexicology, unlike phonetics and grammar, is interested in the subject content of a word - the lexical meaning.3
The object is reading the word . Since a dictionary is not just a collection of words, but a specific system of interconnected and interconnected facts, lexicology is not about individual words, but about the lexical system of the whole language. appears as a science.
These two types of joints are also sometimes referred to as semi-closed. They end with “r” or “re”. Theoretically, in this case, there will be closed and open joints, respectively. In English, everything is different and vowels are in front of these letter combinations, and before “re”, some of them even become diphthongs, having a new, more complex sound.
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