The Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of The Republic of Uzbekistan Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Faculty of Foreign Languages course pape r topic

The following research methods are used in lexicology:
a) the method of distributive analysis (lat. Distribuere - "distribution") is used to determine the boundaries of words in the text, limiting the meanings of polysemantic words;
b) The method of substitution is used in the study of the meaning of the word, synonymy. It is the replacement of one element with another, for example, in the evening - twilight ;
within) the method of component analysis is used to determine the content of lexical meaning;
G) the method of transformation in determining the semantic load of a word in context by folding or expanding syntactic structures;
e) Quantitative-statistical method is used to determine the frequency of lexical units, syntagmatic combinations.
Lexicological information is used in many relevant disciplines. In psycholinguistics - in the study of phrases. In neurolinguistics - in identifying types of brain dysfunction. In sociolinguistics - in the study of the linguistic behavior of a community. Lexicology emerged in the 20th century as a separate branch of linguistics. However, many problems of lexicology have been considered in the context of other scientific disciplines. In ancient philosophy, language was studied as a way of expressing thought. Aristotle described the artistic functions of the word in his treatises Rhetoric and Poetics. The Stoics were the founders of the sign theory of language. They studied the etymology of words.
There are 4 stages in the development of lexicology:
I. 18th-19th centuries The term "lexicology" was first introduced. It appeared in 1765 in the French encyclopedia of Daniel Diderot and Jean d Alember. Lexicology is defined as one of two branches of linguistics (along with syntax). They saw the function of lexicology in the study of general principles. dictionary organization.Separated the study of the external form, meaning and etymology of words.
In pamphlets on 18th century style. ways of constructing portable meanings of words were identified. More than 200 species of trails have been identified.
In the 19th century, comparative-historical linguistics developed. The Danish scholar Rasmus Rusk established comparative lexicology in his early works on comparative historical linguistics. In the 19th century, the main focus of lexicological research in Europe was semantics. V. von Humboldt studied the inner form of the word. French linguist Arsen Darmsteter and German Hermann Paul discovered general laws in the formation and development of word meanings. In 1897, a generalized work by the French scholar Michel Breal was published, in which semiotics emerged as a special branch of linguistics.
The foundations of lexicology in Russia were laid in the works of MVLomonosov, who developed the doctrine of stylistic differentiation of vocabulary in his work