The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy



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thesis

Figure 2
. Constructional schema representing the building of light verb constructions 
At the bottom we find the schema for the 
throw
-verbs
(b)
and the schema for the 
predicate nouns (c). These are the component structures, the ones that come together to form 
the LVC. At the top is the LVC (a), the composite structure that results from putting together 
the elements. The dashed lines show the correspondences between the component structures 
and the composite structure on top.
An LVC is a construction that involves a specific combination of a 
throw
-verb and a 
predicate noun. Both verb and noun are associated with specific participant roles. The roles of 
the LVC are mostly determined by the verb; the number and kind of roles are largely decided 
by the 
throw
-verb. The roles from the noun are integrated into those roles. The 
TRAJECTOR
of 
the noun becomes the 
INITIATOR
in the LVC, and the 
LANDMARK
becomes a 
DIRECTIONAL

The noun itself is expressed as the 
MOVANT
. The 
MOVANT
in the composite schema is bolded, 
in order to indicate its semantic salience.
I
NITIATOR
T
HROW
M
OVANT
D
IRECTIONAL
I
NITIATOR
T
HROW
M
OVANT
D
IRECTIONAL
T
RAJECTOR
L
ANDMARK
NOUN
a) 
b) 
c) 


141 | 
As already mentioned in §4.3.1, the optionality of the 
DIRECTIONAL
in an LVC is 
affected by the optionality of the 
LANDMARK
in the noun. For example, since hits strongly 
presuppose two participants, the hitter and the one hit, there is a stronger tendency for an 
LVC with hits to have a 
DIRECTIONAL 
(4). Contrast this to a noun such as 
carcajada
‘laugh’. 
Since this noun usually only involves one participant, the one laughing, the LVCs with this 
noun tend to lack a 
DIRECTIONAL 
(5).
(CdE-19F, Pasillo Oscuro, El) 
(4) Eres un imbécil (sic) Paco, dice y
le
TIRA
un manotazo. 
Are a jerk NAME, says and CL.3
rd
.nonrf throw a slap 
You are a jerk Paco, s/he says and 
GIVES
him
a slap 
(5) …
ella
LANZABA
una espontánea carcajada… 
(CdE-19F, Cuentos de tierra caliente) 
she launched a spontaneous laugh 

She
LAUNCHED
a spontaneous laugh’
(CdE:19-F, Tiempo de silencio) 
(6) 
un gallo
… 
LANZA
su kikirikí estridente

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