Statements 27
Gerald D. Jaynes
Professor of Economics and African American Studies, Yale University
Economic Effects of Immigration on Black Workers
Chairman Reynolds and members of the Commission, my name is Gerald Jaynes and I am
Professor in the department of economics and in the department of African American Studies
at Yale University. One of my major research interests during the past decade and a half has
been immigration and its effects on race and ethnic relations and the economy. It is my
pleasure to offer you my thoughts on the economic effects of immigration on the wages and
employment of African American workers. My conclusions carry the weight of one whose
views have been converted by objective evidence and personal research. Several years past, a
colleague (Franklin Wilson—University of Wisconsin) and I were convinced that
immigration had profound negative effects on the jobs and wages of African Americans. To
ascertain the quantitative effect of immigration, we undertook a large scale statistical analysis
of the U.S. labor market. Despite strong convictions for our hypothesis that immigration had
large negative effects on black workers in particular, the data forced us to conclude
otherwise: negative effects were mostly absent and modest at worst for only a small segment
of lowest skilled workers.
Summarizing my views today, I know of no credible analysis separating the effects of
documented and undocumented immigration, but the evidence supports the conclusion that
from an economic standpoint immigration‘s broader benefits to the nation outweigh its costs.
An assessment of the effects of immigration on the employment prospects of less educated
native born black workers is that the effect is negative but modest, and probably is significant
in some specific industries and geographic locations. A small set of specific labor markets
are negatively impacted by undocumented immigration; important examples are meat
packing in several areas of the South and Midwest and certain types of construction work
throughout the nation. However, the relative importance of less educated black workers‘ job
losses due to the competition of immigrants is swamped by a constellation of other factors
diminishing their economic status. A significant minority of our most disadvantaged young
people persist in low educational achievement, dropping out of high school, and engaging in
negative behaviors such as criminal activity. Substantial improvement of the economic status
of disadvantaged African American workers will require considerable change in their social
status on many dimensions.
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