Fascicle I
Going among the mountains for over four hundred
li,
I reached the Great
Pure Lake (also known as the Hot Sea or the Salt Sea), which is more than
one thousand
li
in circuit. It is long from east to west and narrow from south
to north. There are hills around the lake and many streams flow into it. The
water is dark blue in color and brackish and bitter in taste. It is a vast expanse
of water with huge and boisterous waves. Fish and dragons live together in
the lake and supernatural monsters sometimes appear in it. Therefore passing
travelers pray to them for good fortune and there are plenty of aquatic animals,
though no one would venture to catch them.
From the Pure Lake going northwest for more than five hundred
li,
I
reached the City of Sushe River, which is about six or seven
li
in circuit, a
place where traders of the Hu tribes from different countries mingle their
abodes. The soil is good for growing millet, wheat, and grapes but fruit trees
are scarce. The climate is windy and cold and the people wear clothes made
of felt and hemp. To the west of Sushe River are some tens of isolated cities,
each having its own ruler, but they do not obey one another and they are all
under the domination of the Turks.
The region stretching from city of Sushe River up to the country of Kasanna
is called Suli, and the people are known by the same name. Their language
is also known as Suli. The alphabet of their language is brief and simple,
having only twenty-odd rudimentary letters, with which a vast vocabulary
is formed by a methodical spelling system. The people have rough written
records, which are read vertically and are transmitted from teacher to pupil
without interruption. They dress in felt and hempen clothes and put on fur
and cotton garments. Both their undergarments and their upper clothes fit
tightly. They cut their hair short and expose the tops of their heads, or they
shave their heads completely, tying a colored silk band on the forehead. They
are tall and sturdy in stature but timid in disposition. Their general mood is
perfidious and deceptive. They are mostly avaricious and take account of
money matters even between father and son. Wealthy people are honored
and esteemed and there is no distinction between the well-born and the low-
born. A millionaire, however, may lead a simple and coarse life. Half of the
population are farmers and the other half traders.
Going westward from Sushe City for more than four hundred
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