D. The Revolutionary Values of the Kingdom of Heaven: Re-Education for
the Disciples (19:3–20:28)
The remainder of the journey narrative before the arrival in Jericho and the
eventual climb up to Jerusalem consists of a series of episodes and sections of
teaching some of which are provoked by people outside the disciple group, but
the main focus of which is on the experience of the disciples as they are
confronted by increasingly unsettling challenges to their conventional attitudes
and values, especially as these relate to family and social life.¹ The sequence will
be concluded with the last and most detailed prediction of Jesus’ coming
rejection, death and resurrection, followed by the extraordinary request of the
mother of James and John which reveals that the disciples’ grasp of the values of
the kingdom of heaven remains at best embryonic. Jesus’ response to their
continuing quest for positions of importance hinges on the key demand “It shall
not be so among you” (20:26); things do not work the same way in the kingdom
of heaven as they do in the kingdoms of the world. 19:30 sums up the
revolutionary values of the kingdom of heaven, “Many who are first will be last,
and the last first,” and the same slogan will be repeated in 20:16; it is this lesson
which, in a variety of ways, the disciples must learn while Jesus is still with
them. It will not be a comfortable experience, as one situation or pronouncement
after another reveals how far they have still to go before they can see things as
he sees them. Their “human thoughts” must be set aside in favor of “the thoughts
of God.” (16:23) It may be deliberately symbolic of the disciples’ experience that
the last event which occurs before they reach Jerusalem, after this period of re-
education, is a miracle of the cure of blindness, which results in those who have
been cured “following” Jesus (20:34).
This whole section follows the same outline as Mark ch. 10, the only substantial
addition being the parable in 20:1–16. Throughout this lengthy series of
pericopes we are told little about the stages of the journey which is presupposed
between 19:1 (leaving Galilee) and 20:29 (leaving Jericho for Jerusalem).
Occasional pointers keep the journey motif alive (“he went on from there,”
19:15; “on the way up to Jerusalem,” 20:17), and a number of people outside the
disciple group are encountered (19:3, 13, 16), but even in these encounters the
emphasis continues to fall on the reactions and reorientation of the disciples, and
from 19:23 on the dramatis personae are only Jesus and his disciples (and the
mother of two of them: see on 20:20). Specific locations are not important for
this intensive interaction of teacher and learners. What matters is that they are on
their way to Jerusalem, where the paradoxical values of the kingdom of heaven
will be fully revealed and the disciples’ grasp of them will be painfully put to the
test.
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