3. Care for the Little Ones: The Danger of Stumbling Blocks (18:6–9)
But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it
would be good for them to have a heavy millstone¹ hung round their neck and to
be drowned in the deepest sea.² ⁷Woe to the world because of stumbling-blocks;
for stumbling-blocks are bound to occur, but woe to the person through whom
the stumbling-block occurs.
⁸But if your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it
away: you are better off entering into life crippled³ or lame than keeping both
hands or both feet and being thrown into the eternal fire.
And if your eye causes
you to stumble, tear it out and throw it away: you are better off entering into life
with one eye than keeping both eyes and being thrown into hell-fire.⁴
These sayings, the second of which (vv. 8–9) is roughly parallel to 5:29–30, are
held together by the repeated mention of stumbling, skandalizō/skandalon (see
above on 5:29–30). In order to maintain this connection I have again translated
the metaphor literally (as in 17:27, though the type of “scandal” involved there
was different from this context of pastoral care within the disciple community).
Here, as in 5:29–30 and 13:21, the “stumbling” envisaged is much more drastic
than simply “being offended” or even “scandalized.” It appears to envisage fatal
damage to the disciple’s relationship with God. They are caused to “trip” so as to
be in danger of falling out of the race altogether. So serious a danger demands
extremely serious measures, whether in the punishment of the person responsible
(vv. 6–7) or in the elimination of the source of the problem when it is within
oneself (vv. 8–9). The result is that these verses contain some of the most severe
teaching on spiritual punishment in the gospels. They take hell very seriously.
Apart from the common theme of “stumbling” the two sayings have a different
focus. The first is about causing trouble for other disciples, which fits well into
the general theme of the discourse; the second seems less appropriate in this
context, being about dangers in one’s own life. But the two may of course be
connected, as it is likely that the sort of ungodly behavior symbolized by the
offending hand, foot or eye will have its effect not only on the person
responsible but also on others within a close-knit disciple community, within
which “no man is an island”, and so may cause them, as well as oneself, to
stumble. This community is, as vv. 10–14 will go on to spell out more fully,
made up of “little ones,” and that term implies not only their mutual pecking
order but also their vulnerability, like that of the child presented in vv. 2–5. In
such a community mutual pastoral concern, such as will be illustrated by the
parable of the sheep in vv. 12–14, is a high priority, and it is this pastoral concern
which makes the danger of “stumbling-blocks” so acute.
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