The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate ad 661-750

Dates
Unless there is a particular reason for providing
the Islamic, 
hijri
 date, all dates are AD.
References
In the notes to the text, given at the end of each
chapter, references are usually to the name of
the author or editor and a short form of the title
of the work. Full titles, together with date and
place of publication, are provided in the
bibliography. See the list of abbreviations for
the titles of journals, etc.
Transliteration
A full scholarly transliteration is not provided in
the text but the bibliography and index are
translit-erated. The bibliography reproduces the
various methods of transliteration used by the
authors cited. My transliteration follows the
system of the 
Encyclopaedia of Islam,
 with the
few modifications customary in works in
English. On the whole, readers without any
Arabic will safely ignore the transliteration
symbols, but may wish to note the following:  ‘
= the Arabic letter 
‘ayn,
 a guttural sound
produced by constricting the larynx;  ’ = the
hamza,
 a glottal stop like the 
tt
 in the Cockney
pronunciation of 
butter;
  
vowels
 are short unless
they have a macron (¯) over them;  
ibn
(abbreviated to b. in the middle of a name) =
‘son of’;  
B.
 (abbreviation of 
Banu
) =
‘descendants of’, ‘family of’, ‘clan of’, ‘tribe
of’, as appropriate.
 

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Abbreviations
 
 
AIEOr.
Annales de l’Institut des Études Orientales
AIUON
Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientate di Napoli
AJSL
American Journal for Semitic Languages and
Literatures
BSOAS
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
BZ
Byzantinische Zeitschrift
CMedH
Cambridge Mediaeval History
EI1
Encyclopaedia of Islam,
 1st edition
EI2
Encyclopaedia of Islam,
 2nd edition
GS
I.Goldziher, 
Gesammelte Schriften
IC
Islamic Culture
IJMES
International Journal of Middle East Studies
IOS
Israel Oriental Studies
IQ
Islamic Quarterly
Isl.
Der Islam
JA
Journal Asiatique
JAOS
Journal of the American Oriental Society
JESHO
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the
Orient
JRAS
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
JSAI
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam
JSS
Journal of Semitic Studies
MW
Muslim World
PPHS
Proceedings of the Pakistan Historical Society

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Abbreviations
Rend. Linc. Rendiconti dell Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei,
Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche
RH
Revue Historique
RHR
Revue de l’Histoire des Religions
RO
Rocznik orientalistyczny
RSO
Rivista degli studi orientali
SI
Studia Islamica
WI
Die Welt des Islams
ZA
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie
ZDMG
Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft
 
 

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Glossary*