The essence and content of the term philosophy

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   Sources of Sharia. The science of Hadith. Sunniy islomda anʼanaviy huquqshunoslikning, jumladan shariatning asosiy manbalari Qurʼon va Sunnatdir (Muhammad paygʻambar misoli). Sunnatga Hadislar kiradi, ular Payg'ambarning so'zlari, xatti-harakatlari va shaxsiy xususiyatlarining rivoyatidir. Hadis islom huquqining Qurʼondan keyin ikkinchi eng muhim manbasi hisoblanadi va hadis ilmi (ʻilm al-hadis) sohasida islom olimlari tomonidan keng oʻrganiladi. Hadisni o'rganish turli rivoyatlarning sahihligini va ishonchliligini baholash va ulardan huquqiy va axloqiy hukmlarni chiqarishni maqsad qiladi.( The primary sources of traditional jurisprudence, including Sharia, in Sunni Islam are the Quran and the Sunnah (the example of Prophet Muhammad). The Sunnah includes Hadith, which are narrations of the Prophet's words, actions, and personal traits. Hadith is considered the second most important source of Islamic law after the Quran and is studied extensively by Islamic scholars in the field of Hadith science (ʻilm al-ḥadīth). The study of Hadith aims to authenticate and evaluate the reliability of the various narrations and to extract legal and ethical rulings from them.)
   
2. 
   Freedom of conscience in Uzbekistan. Vijdon erkinligi - ijtimoiy-falsafiy tushuncha; har kimning oʻz eʼtiqodiga koʻra, mazkur jamiyatda mavjud ijtimoiy meʼyorlarni buzmagan holda vijdoni buyurgani boʻyicha yashash, ishlash imkoniyatiga ega. Bunda dinga munosabat masalaning bir tomoni hisoblanadi. Siyosiy jihatdan Vijdon erkinligiga demokratiya koʻrinishlaridan biri sifatida qaraladi. Yuridik nuqtai nazardan Vijdon erkinligi insonning asosiy shaxsiy huquqlari sirasiga kiradi va demokratik erkinliklardan biri hisoblanadi. Oʻzbekistonda u Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasida, "Vijdon erkinligi va diniy tashkilotlar toʻgʻrisida"gi qonunda (1991 yil 14 iyunda qabul qilingan, 1998- yil 1- mayda yangi tahriri tasdiqlangan) nazarda tutilgan. Konstitutsiyaga koʻra, "hamma uchun vijdon erkinligi kafolatlanadi. Har bir inson xohlagan dinga eʼtiqod qilish yoki hech qaysi dinga eʼtiqod qilmaslik huquqiga ega" (31-modda). Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi boʻyicha, diniy qarashlarni majburan singdirishga yoʻl qoʻyilmaydi. Ayni vaqtda yangi tahrirdagi "Vijdon erkinligi va diniy tashkilotlar toʻgʻrisida"gi qonunga koʻra, dinga munosabatidan qatʼi nazar fuqarolarning tengligi taʼminlanadi (4-modda). Ushbu qonunda taʼkidlanishicha, hech bir dinga yoki diniy eʼtiqodga boshqalariga nisbatan biron-bir imtiyoz yoki cheklashlar belgilanishiga yoʻl qoʻyilmaydi. Qonun muayyan yoshga yetgan fuqarolarning oʻz diniy ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun diniy tashkilot tuzish, oliy va oʻrta diniy oʻquv yurtlarida taʼlim olish tartib-qoidalarini ham belgilab bergan. Ayni vaqtda dindan davlat va Konstitutsiyaga qarshi targʻibot olib borishda, millatlararo adovat uygʻotishda, vaziyatni beqarorlashtiruvchi uydirmalarni tarqatishda, aholi oʻrtasida vahima chiqarishda hamda davlat, jamiyat va shaxsga qarshi qaratilgan boshqa gʻarazli maqsadlarda foydalanishga yoʻl qoʻyilmaydi (5-modda).( Freedom of conscience is a socio-philosophical concept; everyone has the opportunity to live and work according to their conscience without violating existing social norms in this society, according to their beliefs. Attitude to religion is one side of the issue. Politically, freedom of conscience is considered as one of the manifestations of democracy. From a legal point of view, freedom of conscience is one of the basic personal rights of a person and is considered one of the democratic freedoms. In Uzbekistan, it is stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations" (adopted on June 14, 1991, the new version was approved on May 1, 1998). According to the Constitution, "freedom of conscience is guaranteed to everyone. Everyone has the right to believe in any religion or not to believe in any religion" (Article 31). According to the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, forced indoctrination of religious views is not allowed. At the same time, according to the new version of the Law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations", equality of citizens is ensured regardless of their attitude to religion (Article 4). This law states that no religion or belief shall be allowed to have any preference or restriction over others. The law also defines the procedures for creating a religious organization and receiving education in higher and secondary religious educational institutions in order to satisfy the religious needs of citizens who have reached a certain age. At the same time, it is not allowed to use religion to carry out propaganda against the state and the Constitution, to incite inter-ethnic enmity, to spread destabilizing fabrications, to cause panic among the population, and for other malicious purposes directed against the state, society, and the individual (Article 5).)
   
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