TeqstSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebani 3 gv



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teqstSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebani-----------------------------------------------3 gv.
prezentacia----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 gv.
winasityvaoba-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 gv.
avtorTa biografiuli cnobebi-------------------------------------------------------11 gv.
Tavi 1: ZiriTadi kiTxvari gaeros wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis Sesaxeb-------------------------------------------------------------------------13 gv.
Tavi 2: istoria gaeros wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis Sesaxeb ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 gv.

Tavi 3: komentarebi wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis Sesaxeb---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57 gv.


Tavi 4: wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis mier gaTvaliswinebuli prevenciuli meqanizmebis meTodologia da mandate -----------119 gv.
Tavi 5: wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis saratifikacio da saimplementacio strategiebi------------------------------------141 gv.
danarTi 1: konvencia wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis an sasjelis winaaRmdeg ---------------------165 gv.
DdanarTi 2: gaeros wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli

mopyrobisa da dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi -----------------181 gv.


DdanarTi 3: wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebi -------------------------196 gv.
DdanarTi 4: wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis an sasjelis winaaRmdeg konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis kenWisyris Sedegi -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------203 gv.
danarTi 5: gaeros wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis wevrebi --------------215 gv.
danarTi 6: gaeros wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebis mier saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis ratifikaciis procedurebi -----------------------217 gv.
danarTi 7: gamosadegi misamarTebi -------------------------------------------------------266 gv.
danarTi 8: damatebiTi sakiTxavi literatura gaeros wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis damatebiT oqmze ----------------------------------------------------------------- 270 gv.


teqstSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebani

ACHPR-adamianisa da xalxTa uflebebis afrikuli qartia

AI -saerTaSoriso amnistia

APT-wamebis aRmofxvris asociacia

CAT-wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros komiteti
CEDAW-qalTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli diskriminaciis yvela formis amkrZalavi gaeros konvencia

CEPTA-amerikaSi wamebis winaaRmdeg moqmedi eqspertTa komiteti


CERD-rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis amkrZalavi gaeros konvencia
CHR-gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komisia
CINAT-wamebis sawinaaRmdego saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa koalicia

CPT-wamebis da araadamianurad an damamcireblad mopyrobis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego evropuli komiteti


ECOSOC-gaeros ekonomokuri da socialuri sakiTxTa sabWo
EU-evropis kavSiri
FI.ACAT-wamebis gauqmebisaTvis moqmed qristianTa saerTaSoriso federacia

FIDH-adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso federacia


GA-gaeros generaluri asamblea
GRULAG-laTinuri amerikisa da karibiis mcxovrebTa gaeros jgufi
IACHR-adamianis uflebebis amerikaTaSorisi komisia
ICJ-iuristTa saerTaSoriso komisia
ICRC-wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti
ICTY-saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlebrivi tribunali yofil iugoslaviaSi momxdar movlenebTan dakavSirebiT
IIHR-adamianis uflebebis Sida-amerikuli instituti
ILANUD-damnSaveTa mimarT mopyrobis da danaSaulis sawinaaRmdego gaeros laTinoamerikuli instituti
IRCT-wamebis msxverplTa saerTaSoriso reabilitaciis sabWo
NGO-arasamTavrobo organizacia
NHRI-adamianis uflebaTa erovnuli institutebi
OAS-amerikis saxelmwifoTaSorisi organizacia

ODIHR-demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis ufebaTa ofisi


OPCAT-wamebis sawinaRmdego konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi
OMCT-wamebis sawinaaRmdego msoflio organizacia
OSCE-evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis organizacia
SADC-samxreT afrikis ganviTarebis gaerTianeba
SCT-wamebis sawinaaRmdego Sveduri komiteti
UN-gaero
UNCAT-gaeros wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvencia
UNHCHR-gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisari

winasityvaoba (prezentacia)
2002 wlis dekeberSi miRebuli gaeros wamebis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi, uzrunvelyofs axal da realur midgomas am saxiT adamianis uflebebis darRvevisa da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulis aRmosafxvrelad. adamianis uflebebis amerikuli institutisaTvis da wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociaciisaTvis didi pativia erToblivad warmoadginon aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo, romlis mizanic aris praqtikaSi danergos aseTi saxis inovaciuri da savaldebulo saerTaSoriso instrumenti. egzavneba ra aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo, TavianT sazogadoebebSi wamebis da sisastikis aRsakveTad momuSave erovnul da regionalur organoebs, imedi gvaqvs aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo iqneba realuri instrumenti oqmis ratifikaciisaTvis da misi SesrulebisaTvis. ramdenadac 2002 wlis 18 dekembers gaeros generaluri asambleis mier warmatebiT iqna miRebuli instrumenti romelic nergavs mTeli msoflios masStabiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi regularuli vizitebis Catarebis sistemas, imdenad aucilebelia im didi samuSaos Catareba romelic uzrunvelyofs am instrumentis ZalaSi swrafad Sesvlas da amasTan mis universalur gamoyenebas. swored es aris mizezi ris gamoc am saxelmZRvanelos gavrcelebas saerTaSoriso sazogadoebaSi xels uwyobs rogorc adamianis uflebebis amerikuli instituti aseve wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociacia.
Ees aliansi ar iyo pirveli Cvens am or organizacias Soris. Aunda iqnes naxsenebi is faqtic rom ukve warsulSi adamianis uflebebis amerikuli instituti da wamebis sawinaRmdego asociacia adamianis uflebebis damcvel ramodenime organizaciasTan mWidro koordinaciaSi sakmaod aqtiurad TanamSromlobdnen wamebis faqtebisa da sastikad mopyrobis sxva formebis efeqturi gamoZiebis Catarebis mizniT zogadi saxelmZvanelo principebis SemuSavebaSi.1
orive organizacia aRniSnul saxelmZRvanelos warmoadgens Aam konteqstSi; romelic TavisTavad gvTavazobs damatebiT oqmTan dakavSirebul ZiriTad informacias, ase rom is SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli damatebiTi oqmis saratifikacio RonisZiebebSi CarTul organoebisaTvis rogorc umniSvnelovanesi masala. Ppirveli Tavi mkiTxvels acnobs damatebiT oqms, xazs usvams sxva Sesabamisi normebTan da meqanizmebTan erTad aseTi saxis axali saerTaSoriso instrumentis arsebobis moTxovnilebas. Mmeore Tavi mkiTxvels acnobs gaeros sxvadasxva organoebs Soris aRniSnul oqmTan dakavSirebuli molaparakebebis, maT mier am oqmis miRebis da am oqmis koncepciis SemuSavebis istorias, raTa mkiTxvelma kargad gaigos es rTuli da xangrZlivi procesi. Mmesame Tavi warmoadgens damatebiTi oqmis teqstTan dakavSirebul komentarebs, romelic mizan mimarTulia TiToeuli muxlis Sinaarsis Semdgom farTo ganxilvasTan, romelic moicavs aseve ramodenime debulebis mniSvnelobis da warmoSobis ganxilvas. meoTxe Tavis mizania ilustracia moaxdinos imis Tu ra potenciuri zemoqmedebisaa sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis monitoringis ganxorcielebis sistemis SesaZleblobani, aRwers ra or mTavar meqanizms romlebic dadgenilni arian damatebiTi oqmis mier rogorc saerTaSoriso doneze aseve nacionalur doneze. bolo Tavi ki iZleva damatebiTi oqmis ratifikaciis da am oqmis implementaciis mxardasaWerad rogorc mniSvnelovani organoebis identifikacias, aseve mocemuli zogierTi moqmedebis aRwerasac.
es gamocema eyrdnoba 2000 wels adamianis uflebebis amerikuli institutis mier pirvelad gamocemul aseTive msgavs saxelmZRvaneloze romelic Seexeba gaeros konvenciis ,,qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb” damatebiT oqms da romelsac adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso instrumentebis ratifikaciis mxardasaWerad aseve mniSvnelovani rekomendaciis roli akisria.
aRniSnuli pirveli saxelmZRvanelos warmatebaze dayrdnobiT, romelic mxars uWers gaeros konvenciis ,,qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb” damatebiT oqmis ratifikacias da romelic aseve mxars uWers amerikis regionSi maT mier aRebuli valdebulebis wamebis aRmofxvris Sesrulebas. Aadamianis uflebebis amerikis institutma da wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociaciam gadawyvites SeTanxmebuliyvnen strategiul TanamSromlobaze, raTa Seqmniliyo es meore saxelmZRvanelo romelic dakavSirebuli iqneboda wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis damatebiT oqmTan.
miuxedavad imisa rom adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli instituti ar monawileobda damatebiT oqmTan dakavSirebul molaparakebebSi. Dda mis SedgenaSi, 1996 wlidan adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli institutis generaluri ansambleis wevris elizabet odio benitos SesaniSnavi monawileobiT adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli instituti mainc ar CamorCenila aRniSnul procesebs, aRniSnuli pirovneba warmoadgenda im samuSao jgufis Tavjdomares romelic amuSavebda kidec damatebiTi oqmis proeqts, amasTan dRes ukve rogorc mosamarTlisadmi da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlos vice-prezidentisadmi romelic daTanxmda daewera winasityvaoba aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelosaTvis, gamovxatavT Cvens uRrmes madlierebas. garda adamianis uflebebis instrumentebis danergvisaTvis mkacri kursis ganxorcielebisa, da masTan erTadGSida-amerikuli da universaluri instrumentebis Camoyalibebis sferoSi farTo gamocdilebis da amasTan amerikis kontinentze partniorTa farTo qselis arsebobisa, 1994-1999 wlebSi adamiani uflebebis amerikul instituts gaaCnda wamebis aRkveTis gansazRvruli programa. xolo 2002 wlidan adamiani uflebebis amerikulma institutma saerTaSoriso samarTlTan da marlTmsajulebis ganxorcielebis centrTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT ganaviTara axali saerTo iniciativa romelic miznad isaxavs amerikul sasjelaRsrulebiT sistemaSi myofi wamebis msxverplTa mimarT fsiqologiuri daxmarebis gawevas.
rac Seexeba wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociacias, is warmoadgens arasamTavrobo asociacias romelic dafuZnebuli iqna Sveicarieli filantropis Jan-Jaq goties mier, man wamoayena winadadeba sakontrolo sistemis Seqmnis Taobaze raTa sasjel-aRsrulebis dawesebulebebi yovelTvis Ria yofiliyvnen Sesaswavlad, rac xels Seuwyobs wamebisa da sisastikis faqtebis Cadenis potenciuri riskis Semcirebas. wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociacia aRniSnuli praqtikuli ideis ganxorcielebisaTvis axerxebda nel-nela moepovebina mxardaWera saxelmwifoebisagan, dawyebiT stadiaze ki evropuli saxelmwifoebisagan mainc. Yyovelive amis Sedegad APT-im xeli Seuwyi universaluri instrumentis, wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis damatebiTi oqmis miRebas. Mmas Semdeg APT aRniSnuli procesiis TiToeul etapze TamaSobda ZiriTad da gavlenian rols.
Cven gvsurs rom madloba mouxadoTY aRniSnuli publikaciis akademiur sisworeze pasuxismgebel am ori organizaciis wevrebs, konkretulad ki adamianis uflebebis amerikis institutis samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan momuSave struqturis direqtors jilda paCekovas da wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociaciis amerikuli programis oficers klaudia zitroms, aseve madlobas uxdiT Semdeg avtorebs IIHR-is sagareo konsultats nikolas oeglina nomiviks da APT-Tan momuSave gaeros samarTlebrivi programis oficers debora longs. Cven aseve madloba gvinda gadauxadoT IIHR-is samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganyofilebis asistents mailin korderos da APT-is komunikaciebis programis asistents viqtoria kuhn-s, maT mier aRniSnul proeqtSi CarTuli administraciuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis. da bolos magram ara mTlad ukanasknel rigSi, IIHR-sa da APT-is surT gamoxaton TavianTi Rrma madliereba Sveicariis, holandiis da didi britaneTis mTavrobebisadmi da yvelas maT mimarT romelTa finansuri mxardaWeriT gaxda SesaZlebeli am saxelmZRvanelos gamocema.
saboloo mniSvnelovani warmateba iyo swored damatebiTi oqmis miReba romelic gaxldaT kidec Sedegi saxelmwifoebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da adamianis uflebebis damcveli organizaciebis erToblivi Zalisxmevisa. raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes monawile saxelmwifoebis mier wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis swrafi ratifikacia da aRsruleba, IIHR da APT mouTmenlad elodebian aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelos gamocemas romelic rogorc sasargeblo saxelmZRvanlo moemsaxureba swored im sxvadasxva saministroebis wevrebs, parlamentarebs, adamianis uflebebis damcvel erovnul intitutebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs da individualur pirebs romlebic mTlianad CarTulni arian maT qveyanaSi oqmis ratifikaciasa da implementaciaSi. ....... ase rom IIHR da APT mouTmenlad elodebian am sasicocxlo SeTanxmebis globalurad ratifikacias, raTa mTeli msoflios masStabiT bolo moeRos wamebasa da sisastikes.


roberto kuellari Mmark tomsoni

IIHR-is aRmasrulebeli direqtori APT-s generaluri mdivani




san-xose, Jeneva, 26 ivnisi 2004 weli

wamebis msxverplTa mxardasaWeri saerTaSoriso dRe


winasityvaoba
wameba warmoadgens adamianis fundametalur uflebaTa erT-erT yvelaze uxeS darRvevas. adamianis sxeulis dazianeba angrevs adamianTa Rirsebas, zogjer man SeiZleba gamousworebeli Sedegi gamoiRos maTi xasiaTis da maTi gonebis mimarT. usaSinelesi Sedegi adamianis uflebaTa am udidesi darRvevisa gavrcelebas hpovebs msxverplis ojaxze da maT socialur mdgomareobaze. amasTan aseTi qmedebebis mere adamianTa Tanaarsebobis nebismieri forma da is faseulobebi da principebi razec demokratia dgas hkargaven yovelive mniSvnelobas.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi eqspertebma, socialurma organizaciebma da mTavrobebma gaaerTianes maTi Zalisxeva wamebis praqtikisadmi sabrZolvelad, maT Sorisaa wamebis CamdenTa gamovlena da im programebis miReba romlebic daexmareboda msxverpls da misi ojaxis wevrebs. Tumca araferma ar SeaCera isini vinc mTeli msoflios masStabiT dResac agrZeleben wamebas Tanac oficialuri Tanxmobis gareSe.
wamebis rogorc saerTaSoriso danaSaulad gamocxadebiT da misi dagmobis meqanizmebis SeqmniT, gaeros mier miRebulma wamebis sawinaaRmdego SeTanxmebam gvaCvena udidesi progresi am sferoSi. Mmiuxedavad wamebis aRkveTis sakiTxze gamoCenili Zalixmevisa, progresi aRniSnul sferoSi rogorc erovnul iseve saerTaSoriso doneze iyo Zalian mcire.
1980 wels kosta-rikis mTavrobam gaeroSi daiwyo procesi wamebis winaaRmdeg iseTi oqmis misaRebad, romelic mizanmimarTuli iqneboda mTavrobebisa da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis gaerTianebuli qmedebebis saSualebiT wamebis aRsakveTad, es procesi grZeldeboda 2002 wlamde.

mTavrobebma evropidan da laTinuri amerikidan enTuziazmiT da efeqturad Seitanes wvlili wamebis sawinaaRmdego damatebiTi oqmis proeqtis SedgenaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki 1999 wlis ganmavlobaSi. imave dros wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociaciam, romelic dafuZnda SveicariaSi Tavidanve iTamaSa fundametaluri roli proeqtis SedgenaSi da aRniSnuli sakiTxebis Taobaze mTavrobebisa da ara-samTavrobo organizaciebis darwmunebaSi.


me mqonda pativi mexelmZRvanela adamianis uflebebis im samuSao jgufisaTvis, romelic 2000 wlidan didi enTuziazmiT da valdebulebiT Seudga damatebiTi oqmis Sedgenas da gaeros yvela organos mxridan masze Tanxmobis mopovebas. 2002 wlisaTvis mTavrobebis, ara-samTavrobo organizaciebis da eqspertTa erTiani ZalisxmeviT SesaZlebeli gaxda damatebiTi oqmis rogorc adamianis uflebebis dacvisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli axali saerTaSoriso instrumentis miReba.
saerTaSorisoOmeqanizmebTan erTad oqmSi ganxiluli erovnuli meqanizmebi daxmarebas gviwevs praqtikis aRsakveTad, gansakuTrebiT ki im adgilebSi sadac yvelaze ufro xSirad xdeboda wameba, mniSvnelonvania maT Soris sapatimroebad wodebuli adgilebi. Nyvela adgilSi sadac ki pirovnebebs nebismieri mizeziT ezRudebaT Tavisufleba, maTi arseboba wamebis, sisastikis, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis potenciuri riskis qveSaa. Seqmnili meqanizmebi safrTxis dadgomisTanave aRkveTavs aRniSnul risks.

Aoqmis ratifikaciis procesis kvaldakval, davaleba romelic am droisTvis adamianTa ZiriTadi uflebebis dacvisaTvis brZolaSi am or wamyvan organizacias gaaCnia. AadamianTa uflebebis Sida amerikuli institutma da wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociaciam erToblivad moamzades es gamocema, romelic Cemi Rrma rwmeniT Seitans mniSvnelovan wvlils aRniSnul mniSvnelovani oqmis swrafad ratifikaciis saqmeSi. AadamianTa uflebebis Sida amerikuli institutis da wamebis sawinaaRmdego asociaciis mier gaweuli AaRniSnuli saqmianoba pativiscemaa(gagrZelebaa) orive organizaciis didi tradiciebisa da amave dros aRniSnuli saqmianobis gagrZelebisadmi Cveni enTuziazmis xelaxali gamovlenaa.





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