Teaching Prepared by Caroline W. Ndirangu

GUIDE ON ELEMENTS OF A LESSON PLAN
Time
•  Prepare a 40 minute lesson plan.
Topic
•  The topic comes from the syllabus. Write down the topic you have chosen.
Sub-Topic
•  The sub-topic reflects the content the teacher intends to teach
•  Sub- topics should be short and precise
•  They imply the depth of the lesson
Write down the sub-topic you have chosen to be covered in a 40 minute lesson.

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Objectives 
•  When writing the objectives they should be consistent with the overall 
topic objectives
•  They should build upon the previous lessons in order to have continuity
•  They should be S.M.A.R.T specific, measurable, achievable reliable and 
time bound.
•  They should be behavioural use a verb to describe the intended out-
come.
•  They should cover at least two learning domains
•  Each lesson should have at least 2-3 objectives
Write down 3 objectives for this lesson.
Resources
•  Give a complete list of resources required
•  Cross check to ensure they are available
•  Be creative and improvise when the actual resources are not available
•  Try out experiments before the lessons to ensure they work
•  Prepare the practical set ups before the lesson during the actual teaching
•  Art and music classes set up materials, instruments needed for the lesson
•  Prepare teaching aids in advance. 
•  Prepare the reference notes well in advance
Go through the syllabus and reference books on the content you have chosen and 
list down the resources you need. For the teaching aid, write down the title.
References
•  You should refer to more than one text book so as to provide dependa-
ble details as you prepare for lessons
•  Use the A.P.A system to write down the titles of  reference books
•  For assignments give the learners references they can easily access and 
the pages to refer to.
•  Read widely on your subject matter from texts or internet.
•  Indicate the pages of the content you are teaching. 

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Introduction 
An introduction assists the learner to do the following:
•  To bridge the gap between the old and the new learning.
•  To focus his consciousness on the task, materials media they  need to 
observe
•  To acquire new learning
•  To anticipate gains during the learning
Below is an outline of various ways of introducing lessons.
A.   Linking Techniques: to bridge between the old and the new learning. This 
can be done by:
•  Reviewing previous lessons content so as to invoke the recall of relevant 
skills or Concepts learned before 
•  Asking pupils to recall relevant events from their own experience 
•  Relating the new topic to its place in a theme or a broader topic being 
developed in a series of lessons. 
B.  Focusing attention Techniques 
•  Posing a problem or a question which will serve as a focal point for 
discussion. 
•  Calling upon pupils to observe charts, maps specimens, listen to recor-
dings that highlight significant aspects of the lesson’s task.
C.  Presentations
•  Presenting short dramatic skits, Sketches, film, slides that emphasize on 
things to be observed. 
•  Animation of voice, movement gestures to stimulate and inspire pupils.
•   Use of audio visual media to arouse attention
D.   Imparting motivational qualities
•  Presenting a situation which is challenging, puzzling, a discovery that is 
appealing and arouses curiosity.
•  Giving learners information about values of the particular outcomes of 
the lesson to them.
Choose one of the introductory techniques for your lesson. It could take 4-5 
minutes.

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