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INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, more than ever, foreign languages play an important role, particularly English, since languages create many possibilities and opportunities for foreign trade. They help to improve international relations and develop understanding and tolerance among different societies. Languages promote tourism and cultural exchange, thus improving the economy of countries.
On an individual level, learning languages help to expand our minds, get a better job or increases the possibility of securing a good job. Knowing foreign language makes it easier to travel and discover different cultures and it promotes tolerance. Knowing an international language, which is English, gives more opportunities as it is the language of information and business. Furthermore, most of information on the internet is written in this language. Knowing and realizing the importance of foreign languages, On December 10, 2012 President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov introduced a decree “On measures to further improve foreign language learning system”. This was done to achieve excellence of teaching and learning foreign languages in educational establishments. This would create a well-educated and modern generation with a good knowledge of foreign languages which would help them in the future. All necessary conditions were created and all language teaching facilities were provided, some language centers were subsidized, thereby increasing the level of language teaching in our country.
Uzbekistan did not stop from developing its educational system bearing in mind that there is no limit for perfection. Thus, on April, 2017, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed a decree «On Measures for the further development of the Higher Education System». This resolution was made with a view to improving overall performance of higher education system and producing specialists who would meet the international standards.
There is no denial that during the acquisition of language, learners, at one point or another, face difficulties which can vary depending on the stage of the process. For instance, language learners who have only started learning a particular language must first learn the basic rules of reading and pronouncing words because without these fundamental rules it is virtually impossible to learn a language and not to mention to master it. Admittedly, almost everyone can overcome difficulties which can rise during the acquisition process with the help of their language teachers, books and of course the Internet, which is a great source of information and if used appropriately can be of great help. One of the most common problems which students have when learning a language is to learn how to change the positive statement into a negative sentence which is called ‘negation’. Sometimes the problem is compounded by the fact that a language can have several ways to express negation, such as affixes, prefixes and suffixes, tone of speech, difficult grammar rules and others.
All above mentioned define the topicality of our qualification work as the issues of teaching categories of the English language and particularly difficulties in teaching the category of negation are studied insufficiently and require more attention and methodological development. There are very few works done in the field of comparison of negation category in English and Uzbek languages, and this work is also aimed to contribute in this issue too. This will help teachers to use the research material in the process of teaching negation.
The category of negation is discussed in many works but the novelty of our research is in viewing this problem from the point of view of difficulties in teaching negation to Uzbek learners, which are identified by comparative analysis of the ways of expression negation in target and native language and their usage by learners, and through identified differences equivalents in both languages will be found that can be used in explanation of a lesson material. The effective techniques of avoiding difficulties will be designed approbated.
The aim of the present research is to explore English negation and difficulties in teaching them.
The aim defines the following objectives of the research:
to explore presentation theoretical background of the problem of negation from the point of view of logic;
to research the theoretical basis of negation in linguistic ans particularly in grammar;
to do a comparative analysis of negation in English, Uzbek and Russian and identify the difficulties in teaching them
to do an analysis of difficulties caused by the great variety of means expressing negation;
5. to identify the ways of overcoming difficulties while teaching English negation and to develop instructional materials to overcome difficulties in teaching English negations;
6. to conduct experimental study of suggested material
The object of the given research is the process of teaching negation.
The subject is the ways of expression negation in English and techniques to overcome difficulties in the process of teaching negation at school.
The major methods used in the research process are:
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