Smallpox Presentation

Life Threatening Vaccine Reactions

• Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004

• Postvaccinal encephalitis
• 3 per million vaccinees
• 40% fatal
• Permanent neurological damage
• Eczema vaccinatum
• Skin rashes
• Widespread infection

Military U.S. Vaccination Campaign

• Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004

• December 2002-January 2004
• 578,286 military vaccinees
• 71% primary vaccinees
• 30 suspected cases of contact transfer to other people
• Mostly minor skin infections
• No eczema vaccinatum
• No progressive vaccinia

• Data as of Feb 13, 2004; MMWR

2003 U.S. Vaccination Campaign

• Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004

• January 24-December 31, 2003
• 39,213 civilian vaccinees
• 11 cases of inadvertent inoculation
• 1 case of generalized vaccinia
• 97 serious events
• 712 nonserious events
• Rash, fever, pain, headache, fatigue
• Myocarditis/pericarditis
• 16 suspected, 5 probable cases

• Data as of Feb 13, 2004; MMWR

2003 U.S. Vaccination Campaign

• Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004

• 2003, more cardiac related reactions than expected
• 1947, compared to NYC vaccinations
• Data indicated no relationship to vaccine
• Defer vaccine with 3 or more cardiac risk factors
• Current smoker/tobacco user, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or triglycerides, high blood sugar, heart condition before age 50 in a parent, brother or sister

Monkeypox: The Agent

• Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004

• Orthopoxvirus, related to smallpox
• Transmission
• Reservoir may be African squirrel
• Bites, aerosol, direct contact
• Zoonotic, animal-to-animal, person-to-person
• Animals: Fever, rash, pustules conjunctivitis
• Humans: Flu-like, rash, pustules, lymphadenopathy