Smallpox Presentation



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SmallpoxMonkeypox

Smallpox and Animals

  • Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004
  • Cantagalo virus, Brazil
    • Mutant of virus used in smallpox eradication
    • Outbreaks of lesions in dairy cattle and human contacts
    • Established in nature
    • Animal reservoir unknown

Smallpox and Vaccinia

  • Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004
  • Concerns of vaccination
    • Could pets serve as a vector?
      • Dog chews bandage, then licks child’s face
      • Close contact of pet to vaccinee and an immunocompromised person
      • No evidence to date
      • More research needed
    • Wildlife eats garbage with bandage in it
      • Establish enzootic cycle like Brazil?

Prevention and Control

The Smallpox Vaccine

  • Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004
  • Vaccinia virus
    • Protects against variola virus
    • Origins unknown
  • Live vaccine
    • Used in US until 1972
  • Immunity high for 3-5 years
  • Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004

Duration of Immunity

  • Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004
  • 2000, over 140 million Americans vaccinated
  • 2003, Hammerlund et al study
    • Virus specific T cells
      • Half-life of 8-15 years
      • Detected up to 75 yrs. after vaccination
    • Serum antibody levels stable for 1-75 yrs
  • Booster vaccination increase Ab response, not T cell memory

US Outbreak Control Strategy

  • Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - 2004
  • Case
  • Contact to Case
  • Ring vaccination

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