Sistemazione and death: the role of the Wittenoom asbestos mine in the lives and


participants was to speak about life in Italy



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participants was to speak about life in Italy.
Chapter Three contextualises the participants’ stories about life in Italy within a brief 
discussion of Italy and Australia’s complementary migration objectives after World War 2. 
Italy needed to offload her millions of unemployed, and Australia wanted to increase her 
population to fill the jobs created as a result of National Development Scheme; the 



Wittenoom mine was part of this national development. Desperate to find work; 1,102 
Italians, many with their families, went to Wittenoom during the 1950s and 1960s.
In Chapters Four, Five and Six, the men, women and children, in turn, talk about their 
lives in Wittenoom. The children’s accounts, most notably in the boys’ stories, suggest that 
generally they enjoyed the lifestyle and freedoms which they had never before experienced. 
The men and women speak of their first impressions, the working and living conditions, the 
gambling and drinking, their lack of knowledge about ARDs, their re-creation of important 
rites of passage and rituals along with other efforts to make do in the hostile, but equally 
beautiful environment. In order to establish the foundations for sistemazione, mainly Italians 
with families remained for much longer periods than the typical four months.
Chapter Seven outlines the various pathways the adults took to achieve or 
consolidate their own sistemazione, as well as that of their children. The next chapter records 
the consequences of asbestos exposure, particularly asbestosis and mesothelioma, years 
after participants’ family members or friends had left Wittenoom. Several participants voiced 
the health fears they hold for their family members and themselves.
Chapter Nine is based on documents from CSR/ABA Limited and the Departments of 
Mines and Health supplied by the North American legal firm of Motley Rice. From these it 
has been possible to reconstruct the conflicting and sometimes ambivalent positions of the 
various public players in the Wittenoom tragedy. This led to delays in decisions regarding 
occupational health and safety issues as the to-ing and fro-ing inherent in the written 
discussions continued to the detriment of the workers; delays which CSR used to its 
advantage. The documents also permit the piecing together of when government 
departments and CSR became aware of the dangers of ARDs. CSR’s own negligence and 
lack of duty of care are confirmed in their strategy planning in the 1970s, as senior 
executives responded to the media attention on Wittenoom and ARDS in anticipation of 
future litigation. Until this evidence entered the public domain, CSR would thwart the 
attempts of early victims to obtain damages.




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