Self-understanding

B-cognition : 긍정적 발달의 조건(conditions of positive development)= Assuming that good socialization conditions are present and that people are willing and able to take risks, positive growth will occur. Individuals begin more and more to exist in a B-cognition state. B-cognition experiences are nonjudgmental, self-validating, non-striving, and temporary
D-cognition : 자신과 타인에 대한 불인정(disregard of self and others)= In Maslow’s scheme, D-cognition experiences involve judging, condemning, and approving and disapproving of ourselves and others.
In such states of peak experience(절정경험), people experience phenomena in their simplicity, “oughtness,” beauty, goodness, and completeness. There is a lack of strain, an effortlessness, a spontaneity about the experience that is almost overwhelming. Typically, the person has no consciousness of space and time and feels intense emotions such as wonder, awe, and reverence. During these intense experiences, individuals transcend their own selfishness, and perceive events and objects as they truly are, without distorting them to meet their own needs or wishes.
Carl Rogers
충분히 기능하는 사람(Fully Functioning Person) = If people are able to utilize their organismic valuing processes fully, they will inevitably begin to experience personal growth and movement toward realization of their potentials. In Rogers’s terminology, they will be moving toward becoming fully functioning persons. Such individuals have the following characteristics:
1. They are open to experience(경험에 대한 개방성). Fully functioning people are non-defensive individuals who are open to all their feelings—fear, discouragement, pain, tenderness, courage, and awe. They are fully aware of their experiences and accept them, rather than shutting them out.
2. They are characterized by existential living(실존적 삶). Fully functioning people live their experiences as they occur in the present, without trying to superimpose preconceived meaning on them. They are open and flexible, deal with the experience as it is, and discover its meaning for themselves.
3. They trust their organisms(자신을 신뢰). Fully functioning people do what feels right. This does not mean they are inevitably right in their choices, but rather that they make their own choices, experience the consequences, and correct them if they are less than satisfying.
4. They are creative(창의적). Creative products and creative living emerge when individuals are open to new experiences, able to trust their own judgments, and willing to take risks if they feel good about a new venture.
5. They live richer lives than do other people(도전적이고 풍부한 삶). Fully functioning people live the good life, not in the sense of happiness, contentment, security, and bliss—although they experience each of these feelings at appropriate times—but a life that is exciting, challenging, meaningful, and rewarding. Not a life for the fainthearted, it involves taking risks, experiencing pain occasionally, and facing challenges courageously.