Scientific Collection «InterConf», (39): with the Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference «Science and Practice: Implementation to Modern Society» (December 26-28, 2020) at Manchester, Great Britain

Zhailaubay Diana Aidarkyzy 
4-year student of foreign languages and translation study’s department 
Zhetysu University named after I.Zhansugurov, Republic of Kazakhstan 
 
Yelubayeva Akniet Aibekkyzy 
4-year student of foreign languages and translation study’s department 
Zhetysu University named after I.Zhansugurov, Republic of Kazakhstan 
 
THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ABBREVIATIONS IN MODERN SPEECH 
 
Abstract: the article gives a general description of the abbreviation as a method of 
word formation, describes the history of abbreviation’s formation method and the 
structural typology of abbreviations. 
Keywords: abbreviation, lexical reductions, process of reducing words, types of 
abbreviations, science and technology. 
 
During the period of social and historical stability, the processes ofi language 
development occurs evenly, developing gradually, and language changes affect 
individual, minor sections of the system: speech usage includes a number of new words, 
some of the outdated vocabulary goes out of active use, there are partial moves from one 
stylistic discharge to another. At the time of social changes, the processes of language 
development is accelerating. At this time, new ways are born creating names, and those 
methods that were on the periphery word-forming system, can become high-yielding. One 
productive ways word formation in our time has become an abbreviation. [1;p.7] 
Abbreviation unaffixed methods concern word-formations represents an 
education pue a noun based on a combination of words, the basics of which include as 
part of the derived base in truncated form. Abbreviation synonymous with the original 
phrase. Creating abbreviations this is a method that occupies a special place among 
other methods word production. The abbreviation is related to the operation of the law 
the language of the economy. The process of appearance of abbreviated words is also 

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SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)
842 
affeded the democratization of the language has had a significant impact. People strive 
for simplification of the lexical structure of the language. Source of abbreviations are 
noun phrases that denote items and phenomena. Such phrases must meet the following 
requirements conditions: 1. have a single value; 2. to have sufficient frequency, 3. be 
socially significant and important to those birds, who use these phrases in speech, 4. 
function in speech where the need is urgent save time and energy on transmitting 
information. [1;p.73] 
There are three source replenishments lexical reductions:
1. The abbreviation system is supplemented with graphic abbreviations written 
language (this method became especially popular in the beginning XX century, later 
graphic abbreviations actively began to replenish conventional sign writing systems 
symbols, formulas, etc.). 
2. Abbreviations are created based on abbreviated words and non-free 
collocations of colloquial speech, which are difficult to pronounce or too voluminous. 
3. Abbreviations are replenished by deliberate cuts in writing to verbose well-
known nominations. In this case, each element of the contraction is motivated by the 
corresponding word included in the original phrase. 
The beginning of the process of reducing words to deep refers to antiquity.
Acronyms in different types of recorded speech are as old as written language itself. The 
abbreviation (from Latin abbrevio - abbreviated) traces its history from the Sumerians, 
whose writing is considered the first recorded on Earth (IV century BC). The very term 
ёlleipsis, meaning omission, omission, was created and used in rhetoric and grammar of 
Ancient Greece in the 1st-3rd centuries. BC along with the Sumerian (IV century BC).
This term also meant a reduction in the means of linguistic expression, especially in the 
structure of a sentence, the brevity of which, in comparison with the full or logically 
correct, was incomplete or abbreviated. It is believed that the Greeks first drew attention 
to the fact that elliptical words can be used as a linguistic means of influencing and 
influencing the addressee of speech. [1;р215] The abbreviation of words was also 
common in ancient Rome. When studying the Roman military presence in Chersoneses 

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 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY
843 
(mid-II - first third of the III century), several archaeological discoveries were made, 
which made it possible to reveal fundamentally new moments in the organizational 
structure of the Roman troops stationed in Chersoneses and its surroundings. [1;p260] 
The first abbreviated lexemes appeared spontaneously on the basis of graphic 
abbreviations and were isolated both in Russian and in other languages. The 
intensification of abbreviation as a way of forming new words begins in the first third 
of the 20th century. [2] 
By their structure, the following types of abbreviations are distinguished:
1) Abbreviations of the initial type (formed from the names of the first letters (or) 
the sounds of words included in the original phrase, and which are pronounced when 
read in an abbreviated rather than full form);
2) Syllabic abbreviations (formed from a combination of the initial parts of 
words);
3) Abbreviations of mixed type (initial-syllabic), consisting of both the initial