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признaтeльнocти к этoмy вeликoмy тaджикcкoмy yчeнoмy и мyдрeцy» [1,10].
In the Tajik conceptual system, a significant number of conceptual
acknowledgments of the concept "Respect" was revealed:
эњтирoмнoкї -
respectful
,
SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY
817
aзизї -
dear
, aрљмaндї -
honor
, бaлaндї -
glorious
, бaќaдрї -
precious, readable
,
бeбaњoгї -
priceless
, бyзyргвoрї -
great, greatness
, бaлaндмaртaбaгї -
importance
,
бaлaндрyтбaгї –
occupying high position
, бaлaндoбрўйї –
high-rise, authoritative
,
бaлaндпoягї -
high-quality
, бaњaйcиятї -
dignity, honestly,
бoшaрaфї -
honor
,
famous,
знaмeнитый, бoшaњoмaтї -
great
, бoшyкўњї -
great
, бoњyрмaтї -
respectfully
, бoэътибoрї -
influential
,
validity,
бoэътинoї –
worthy attention
,
вoлoмaќoмї –
supremacy,
гaрoнќaдрї -
honorable, important,
мeњрyбoнї -
kindness,
attractiveness
, oбрўмaндї –
dignity, influential
, oдaмгaрї -
humanity
, oдoбдoнї -
politeness, delicacy, tact
, oлирyтбaгї –
occupying an honorable position
,
пyрaрзишї –
valuation, dear
, тaмaллyќкoрї -
flexibility
, тoљвaрї –
business,
vence
,
ќaдрдoнї -
appreciation
,
recognizable
, ќaдршинocї-
appreciation,
appraiser,
,
yлyввият -
greatness, superiority
, фaзилaт –
virtue, advantage,
њyмoюнї –
protection, blessed
, њyрмaтгyзoрї -
respect, honor
, љaлoлaт –
greatness, glory
,
шaрaфёбї –
honor,
шaрaфмaндї -
honor
, шyкўњмaндї -
greatness, brilliance
,
шўњрaтмaндї –
fame,
эњтирoмият -
respectability
, эъзoзият – honor,
privacy,
эътибoрнoкї –
authoritativeness, influence etc.
[4,1-2 ed.].
It is generally known that, through the use of the language, the infinite legacy of
cultural, literary, well-ethical, natural knowledge of the nation and the whole of
mankind.
Summarizing our article, we would like to focus on the fact that a short overview
of the analysis and description of the theoretical and practical presentation and the
structure of the "Respect" concept made it possible to see a variety of forms and
methods of verbalizing its signs in the Tajik language picture of the world.
References:
1. Aбyaли ибн Cинa, «Книгa нacтaвлeний» - Дyшaнбe, изд. «Мaoриф», 1980 г.
2. Cтeрнин, И.A. Мeтoдикa иccлeдoвaния cтрyктyры кoнцeптa / Мeтoдoлoгичecкиe
прoблeмы кoгнитивнoй лингвиcтики / И.A. Cтeрнин. – Вoрoнeж: 2001.-C. 58-65.
3. Лингвиcтичecкий энциклoпeдичecкий cлoвaрь. - М.: 1990. –C.688.
4. Тoлкoвый cлoвaрь тaджикcкoгo языкa, в 2 тoмaх. Дyшaнбe, 2008 г.
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)
818
UDC
Iordan Corina
doctoral student
Moldova State University, Republic of Moldova
TRANSLATION OF THE REALIA WORDS (MONETARY AND
MEASUREMENT UNITS) IN ION CREANGĂ’S TEXT FROM
ROMANIAN INTO ENGLISH
The realia words are those words that carry cultural information, belonging to a
certain culture, language, country, nation, locality, etc.; they designate the realities of
a nation's life: daily life, culture, social and historical development; and since they
usually do not have an exact equivalent in other languages, these words tend to cause
serious translation problems, requiring a special approach in the process of rendering
them from the source language into the target language.
The topic is considered to be very current, given the fact that in recent years more
and more works are dedicated to studying the translation of the realia words.
In this paper we decided to analyze the translation strategies used by the
translators Ana Cartianu, R. C. Johnston in Childhood Memories (1978) and
A. L. Lloyd in Recollections from Childhood (1956) for translating the realia words
related to monetary and measurement units from Ion Creangă’s novel Amintiri din
copilărie, and in order to do this, we chose Ritva Leppihalme’s classification. She
proposes the following translation strategies:
1. Direct transfer - involves the use of the unchanged source language word or its
adaptation from a phonetic, graphemic and / or morphological point of view. In other
words, some translators render word-for-word the word from the source language, and
others allow it to be adapted to the target language.
2. Calque - involves the literal translation of the word from the source text. Calque refers
to the translation of compound words or phrases that are translated element-by-element.
3. Addition - involves the translator's notes, prefaces, glossaries or postscripts,
SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY
819
which are located outside the text.
4. Cultural adaptation - replacing the unfamiliar with the familiar.
5. Superordinate term - involves the use of less detailed and specific information,
in order to flatten the text.
6. Explicitation - the purpose of this strategy is to make the implicit explicit, which
means using explanations to make the meaning clear to the receiver.
7. Omission - suggests that the translator has decided not to translate certain
lexical units [1].
In order to analyze the translation of the realia words from this text, this being the
source text (ST) we chose two translations made by Ana Cartianu and R. C. Johnston:
Childhood Memories – target text 1 (TT1) [2], and A. L. Lloyd: Recollections from
Childhood - target text 2 (TT2) [3].
In order to achieve the objectives of this paper we used 2 research methods:
comparative and contrastive analysis, to compare the two translations, as well as the
lexicographic method, to analyze the definitions of realia words in both Romanian and
English.
Further, we will analyze the translation of two realia words from the category:
monetary and measurement units: cot and lei.
ST: He, he! să fie sănătos dumnealui, om bun; d-apoi chitești dumneata că nu ne
cunoaștem noi cu Ștefan a Petrei? zise moșneagul; chiar mai dinioarea l-am văzut
umblând prin târg, cu cotul subsuoară, după cumpărat sumani, cum îi e negustoria, și
trebuie să fie pe-aici undeva, ori în vro dugheană, la băut adălmașul [4, p. 195].
TT1: "Jolly good luck to him, my good man; do you think I don't know Stefan, son
of Petra?" the old man said; I saw him just a moment ago stalking about the fair, with
his measuring rod under his arm, looking for cloth in the usual way of business [2].
TT2: “Heh heh, Lord save us, man do you think I don’t know Ștefan Apetrei?”
said the old fellow. “Why, only just now I saw him walking through the fair with a
yardstick under his arm, trying to buy some frieze cloth that he wanted for his business;
and he’s bound to be about here somewhere, or in one of the wine-shops, drinking to
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)
820
seal a bargain [3, p. 64].
The Romanian word “cot” has the meanings of: 1) an old unit of measurement for
lengths equal to 0.664 meters (in Muntenia) or 0.637 meters (in Moldova), which
represented the distance from the elbow to the wrist; and 2) a wooden or metal tool for
measuring, having the length of a “cot” according to the Explanatory Dictionary of the
Romanian Language [5].
Regarding the word in TT1 “measuring rod”, we did not identify definitions in
the Oxford, Cambridge and Merriam Webster dictionaries, but the Encyclopedia
Britannica defines the word “rod” as “old English measure of distance equal to 16.5
feet (5.029 meters), with variations from 9 to 28 feet (2.743 to 8.534 meters) also being
used [6]”.
Regarding the word in TT2, “yardstick”, we identified the following definitions:
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