SaqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti biznes-inJineringis fakulteti ekonikuri kvlevis meTodebi

5. induqcia rogorc Semecnebis meTodi: analizis saerTo aspeqtebi

induqcia rogorc Semecnebis meTodi mecnierebis arsenalSi damkvidrda XVI-XVII s.s. frensis bekonis da Ggalileo galileis droidan. amieridan praqtikulad yvela sabunebismetyvelo codna SeiZleba aRiniSnos rogorc ,,induqciuri”, radgan induqciis meTodis gareSe ver miviRebdiT sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis verc erT mcire Tu mniSvnelovan daskvnas.

induqcia – esaa azrovneba, romelSic xorcieldeba kerZo faqtebidan da debulebebidan zogad daskvnebsa da ganzogadebebze gadasvla; esaa msjeloba kerZodan zogadisaken, saerTo principebis gamoyvana kerZo wesebidan.

mecnierul SemecnebaSi induqcia asrulebs oTx ZiriTad SemecnebiT funqcias: 1. emsaxaureba rogorc empiriuli, ise Teoriuli cnebebis Camoyalibebas; 2. gvevlineba sxvadasxva klasifikaciis agebis wesad; 3. emsaxureba hipoTezis Camoyalibebisa da mecnieruli Teoriebis Seqmnis meTods; 4. gamodis rogorc empiriuli kanonebis ganmtkicebis (verifikaciis) meTodi.

induqcia Semecnebis yvelaze produqtiuli meTodia, gansakuTrebiT kvlevis pirvel stadiaze, roca xdeba empiriuli monacemebis ganzogadeba, maTi klasifikacia da tipologia. SemdgomSi induqciuri azrovnebis produqtiuloba ganisazRvreba misi deduqciuri naazrovnebiT gamagrebis SesaZleblobaSi, aseve mkvlevaris unariT nayofierad Seuxamos erTmaneTs Semecnebis induqciuri da deduqciuri gza. aqac aseve induqcia rCeba meTodad, romelsac aqvs unari gaasworos Secdomebi da gaakoreqtiros azris kvlevis moZraoba WeSmaritebisaken.

,,WeSmariti garantia induqciis kanonierebisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom is gvevlineba daskvnis miRebis meTodad, romlebic, Tu xangrZlivad daveyrdnobiT, granatirebulad gaasworeben momavali gamocdilebis nebismier Secdomas, romelzec mas SeuZlia droebiT migviyvanos” – amtkicebda amerikeli filosofori C. pirsi.

,,induqcia, analizisa da deduqciis damatebiT, aerTianebs faqtebis Sesabamis klass erTad, awesrigebs maT, aanalizebs da gamoyavs maTgan saerTo formulirebebi, an kanonebi. Semdeg garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi mTavar rols iZens deduqcia: is zogierTi ganzogadebis erTmaneTTan asocirebas axdens, gamohyavs maTgan hipoTezurad axali da ufro farTo ganzogadebani an kanonebi”.

arsebobs induqciuri azrovnebis ramdenime ZiriTadi saxe. magaliTad, obieqtebis momcvelobis klasis mixedviT: sruli da arasruli induqcia. sruli induqcia CamoTvlis yvela obieqts, da Tu romelime daskvna sworia mocemuli klasis romelime calkeuli sagnisa, maSin is swori iqneba mocemuli klasis yvela saginsaTvis. magram ufro xSirad, sruli induqciisagan gansxvavebiT, gvxdeba arasruli induqcia – roca Cven ver SevZlebT movicvaT mocemuli klasis yvela sagani da iZulebuli varT gavakeToT daskvna misi arasruli CamonaTvalis safuZvelze. midgoma, romelSic erTdroulad monawileobs mcdeloba dadgindes mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri gamosaTvlel niSnebsa da TviT sagnebis xarisxs Soris, warmogvidgeba rogorc mecnieruli induqcia.

induqcia SeiZleba iyos problemuri (funqcionaluri) da kazualuri (miznobrivi), enumeratiuli (dasaxelebiTi) da eliminatirebuli (statistikuri), eqsperimentaluri da maTematikuri da a.S. induqciis yvela am saxem farTo gamoyeneba hpoves ekonomikur analizSi: magaliTad maTematikur induqcias aqvs Zalian didi mniSvneloba ekonometrikisa da maTematikur ekonomikaSi formalizebuli ekonomikuri Teoriebis agebaSi.

induqcias, romelsac ekonomikuri kvlevebSi Cven gamoviyenebT, Semdeg avRniSnavT rogorc ekonomikur induqcias.

1. 
   induqciur-albaTuri meTodi ekonomikur mecnierebaSi da induqcivizmi ekonomikuri azris istoriaSi
   

induqcia Tavisi gansazRvrebis mixedviT mWidro kavSirSia albaTobasTan.

albaToba – SesaZleblobaTa raodenobrivi sazomia, raimes ganxorcielebis, Sesrulebis sazomia; albaTobis Teoria – mecniereba masobrivi SemTxveviTi movlenebis Sesaxeb, romelsac aqvs unari mravaljer ganmeordes Sesabamisi pirobebis kvlavwarmoebis dros.

albaTobis problemebs maTematikur aspeqtSi swavlobs albaTobis Teoria:

,,albaTobis Teoria – maTematikuri Teoriaa, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs erTi SemTxveviTi movlenis albaToba gamoinaxos sxva SemTxveviTi movlenis albaTobaSi, romelic raRacnairad dakavSirebulia pirvelTan. albaTobis Teoria Teoriul modelirebis doneze arkvevs kanonzomierebebs, romlebic warmoiSobian didi ricxvebis zemoqmedebiT SemTxveviT faqtorebze.”

albaTobis problemisadmi filosofiuri midgoma farToa da yovlismomcveli. Gansxvaveben albaTobis sam saxes – ontologiuri, logikuri da gnoseologiuri. ontologiuri albaToba SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT rogorc masobrivi (stoxastikuri) procesebis da movlenebis sazomi, aseve erTeuli obieqtebis da msgavsi pirobebis ganusazRvreli qceva. logikuri albaToba esaa logikuri urTierTobebis saxe gamonaTqvamebs Soris, romelic tradiciulad gamoixateba rogorc ,,damkvidrebis xarisxis” semantikuri cneba. gnoseologiuri albaToba afiqsirebs urTierTobebs TviT gamonaTqvamis Sinaarssa da sagnis obieqtur mdgomareobas Soris. swored aseTi saxis albaTobis Sesaxeb aris saWiro msjeloba induqciur-albaTuri daskvnebis problemebTan dakavSirebiT ekonomikur mecnierebaSi.

yvela msgavsi daskvnebi SeiZleba davyoT or ZiriTad jgufad: maTematikuri da aramaTematikuri. pirvel SemTxvevaSi ekonomikuri mecnierebis daskvnebi eyrdnoba albaTobis Teoriisa da maTematikuri statistikis meTodebis gamoyenebas da isini SeiZleba mkacrad da erTmniSvnelovnad vaRiaroT damitkicebulad – am dros analizisas gamoiyeneba albaTobis zusti ricxobrivi mniSvneloba; sameurneo movlenebis induqciur-albaTuri analizis meore SemTxveva igeba principiT ,,WeSmariteba-siyalbe”, albaTuri daskvnebis mniSvneloba SeiZleba iyos araricxobrivi da arazusti (miaxloebiTi), magram TviT daskvna emyareba Teoriul albaTur midgomas. sinamdvileSi ekonomikuri mecniereba SedarebiT xSirad iyenebs induqciuri daskvnis aramaTematikur gzas, vidre maTematikurs, magram nebismier SemTxvevaSi induqciur-albaTuri midgomis mTeli problematika statistikuri kvlevis meTodebis sandoobis sakiTxSi mdgomareobs, romelic dawvrilebiT Cven mier ganxilul iqna wina TavSi.

induqciis rogorc mecnieruli Semecnebis ZiriTad meTodad mtkiceba logikurad induqtivizmis meTodologiamde migviyvans.

induqtivizmi – esaa meTodologia, romelic amtkicebs induqciis prioritets mecnieruli Semecnebis yvela danarCeni meTodebTan.

,,mecnierebis erT-erT yvelaze gavleniani meTodologia induqtivizmi. induqtivizmis mixedviT, mxolod is msjeloba SeiZleba mecnierulad miviCnioT, romlebic an mtkiced aRwers dadgenil faqtebs, an gvevlineba maT gaubaTilebel induqciur ganzogadebad. roca induqtivisti iRebs zogierT mecnierul msjelobas, is amas Rebulobs rogorc utyuar WeSmaritebas, da Tu es aseTad ar gvevlineba, induqtivisti ugulvebelyofs mas. misi mecnieruli kodeqsi mkacria: msjeloba an unda iyos faqtebiT dasabuTebuli, an unda iqnas gamoyvanili deduqtiurad an induqciurad winaT dasabuTebuli msjelobebidan.”

ekonomikur mecnierebaSi induqtivizms didi xnis tradicia aqvs da Tanac SeiZleba vamtkicoT, rom didi ekonomistebis umravlesoba, Tuki pirdapir ar acxadebdnen Tavs induqtivistebad, isini arapirdapiri gziT ama Tu im xarisxiT misken miiltvodnen. induqtivizmi saboloo angariSSi ase Tu ise apelirebs empirizmisken, is miiswrafvis gaakeTos daskvnebi empiriuli, gamocdili msjelobebidan. es ki sruliad Seesabameba mecnieruli daskvnebis principebs, romelic miRebulia rogorc sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi, ise saerTod mecnierebaSi.

Mmagram mtkiceba imisa, rom TiTqos ekonomikuri mecniereba emyareba mxolod induqciur msjelobebs, warmoadgens garkveuli gagebiT dabneulobas da mis ignorirebas jer kidev j. keinsi Seecada.

,,politikuri ekonomika, zogierTebis SexedulebiT, ar SeiZleba CavTvaloT sufTa empiriul an induqciur mecnierebad.”

magram Tu ki ekonomikuri mecniereba ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc induqtivizmis variantad, maSasadame, is warmoadgens sxva mniSvnelovan meTodologiur mimarTulebis, SinaarsiT induqtivizmis sapirispiro versias, anu deduqtivizms. es garegnulad swori pasuxebis variantebidan mxolod erTia. ufro metic (ix. aseve qvemoT), ekonomikuri mecnierebis daskvnebi Tanmimdevrulad erwymian erTmaneTs induqtivizmSi da deduqtivizmSi. Eekonomikuri kvlevis meTodologia gulisxmobs orive am meTodebze – induqciurze da deduqciurze dayrdnobas da savsebiT marTali iyo g. Smoleri, roca ambobda, rom orive meTodi iseve Tanabaruflebiania, rogorc adamianis orive fexi da maT Soris erT-erTi meTodis ar arsebobisas ekonomikuri mecniereba ,,moikoWlebs” erTi fexiT.