March 9, 2011
15:3
9in x 6in
Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
b1073-ch07
266
Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
This, however, has not always been the case. During the 1940s and
1950s, all schools had absolutely identical curricula. The prominent
St. Petersburg teacher A. R. Maizelis related to the author of this
chapter that, for example, an attempt made by one Leningrad teacher to
continue using an older and more difficult edition of Larichev’s (1952)
problem book in her classes was severely punished by the educational
administration, despite her good results. The more difficult was not
permitted, nor was the more easy. However, the situation began to
change by the very end of the 1950s, when classes and schools with
an advanced course of study in mathematics began to appear. Almost
all of today’s Russian mathematicians passed through such schools.
Graduates of these schools can be found among the mathematics faculty
of any prestigious European or American university. The history of
these schools, however, was dramatic and reflected the political and
social processes that occurred in the country. Gorbachev’s perestroika
in the second half of the 1980s bestowed official praise and recognition
on these schools, which, unfortunately, did not mean that their
position improved. Almost at the same time, so-called humanities-
oriented classes started being formed, in which an abridged course
in mathematics was taught. Their history, although shorter, has also
been complicated.
This chapter will focus on the history of mathematics education in
schools and classes with an advanced course of study in mathematics
on the one hand, and an advanced course of study in the humanities
on the other. We will have occasion to address both social and purely
methodological and pedagogical developments. Inevitably, certain
details or facets will remain unexamined. In particular, we will limit
ourselves to an overview of curricula, without attempting to shed light
on all of their actual diversity; for example, we will not really enter into
the subtle differences between the various approaches to presenting
“advanced” mathematics in, say, the economic or natural scientific
classes that appeared during the 1990s. Nor will we discuss in any detail
the problems and assignments that are used in the schools described
below, although these details are of great interest in our view. We also
will not describe all schools that merit attention: we will be able — and
even then only cursorily — to deal with the distinctive features of a
small number of schools in Moscow and St. Petersburg (Leningrad).
March 9, 2011
15:3
9in x 6in
Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
b1073-ch07
Schools with an Advanced Course in Mathematics and Humanities
267
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: