Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
Werner (2001, 2002a). The authors of this textbook strove to design a
unified course in algebra and geometry on the basis of the mathematical
modeling of real-world processes, combining the visual and the logical
with an analysis of the sequential (historical) development of ideas
(Karp, 2000). But no less important for them than modeling, visual
representation, and historicism was a principle that one might like to
call “realism.”
The teachers’ manual to this textbook states: “The knowledge and
skills that students in classes with a humanities profile are required
to possess are somewhat different from what is required of them in
general educational classes, but this does not mean that there are no
such requirements at all and that they are replaced with empty talk”
(Karp and Evstafieva, 2003, p. 3). Since one of the principal goals is to
teach students to reason mathematically and to work with mathematical
concepts (including concepts that arise in the course of modeling),
enough time must be set aside for such reasoning. This means that
new concepts must be relatively few; at the same time, teachers must
be prepared to teach students how to reason in this way, which in our
view means that they must not stray too far from traditional subject
matter.
Putting aside this analysis of specific textbooks, we should say
that understanding how graphs and definitions may be used to solve
elementary exponential or logarithmic equations and inequalities, and
understanding how and why it is necessary to solve such equations and
inequalities, are both forms of genuine mathematical activity, which is
useful even to those who will never need to solve these equations again
(by contrast, say, with memorizing various formulas and practicing
applying them). Naturally, it would be desirable to publish the most-
varied popular books, which would use an entertaining and accessible
style to tell those who are interested — including those who have
decided to go into the humanities — about some more unusual topics
in mathematics as well. Moreover, it would be desirable for textbooks
to contain some information (perhaps in optional sections) that would
let students know that there are many curious things beyond what is
studied by everyone in class, but what is studied by everyone in class
under the teacher’s supervision, in our view, must be limited and clearly
structured.
March 9, 2011
15:3
9in x 6in
Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
b1073-ch07
Schools with an Advanced Course in Mathematics and Humanities
313
The job of the author of a textbook is to ascertain that even in
classes with a small number of hours, problem solving and mathematical
reasoning are still genuinely present, and are not merely nominal
requirements. Let us repeat that, in our view, such genuine mathe-
matical activity can be set in motion even by using a comparatively
small range of concepts — how to draw or glue a polyhedron; how to
determine a grade for a semester based on all the grades given during
the semester, but in such a way that the grade on the final exam has
greater weight than the others; how to determine the least expensive
way to ride the metro over some period of time, given a certain system
of discounts; how to compare various given numbers; how to determine
whether the graph of a function can possess this or that property; and
so on. These and many other questions may serve as a foundation for
authentic and substantive mathematical activity.
Of course, such activity must exist in ordinary classes as well.
Yet, while its absence from ordinary classes is at least compensated
for by the consolation that students may still have learned certain
algorithms which they will need in the future, the challenge in classes
with a humanities profile is more acute. Either we must try to achieve
something mathematically substantive using accessible materials, or we
must acknowledge that teaching mathematics is fruitless. This especially
endowed the thinking behind the writing of the various textbooks for
classes with a humanities profile with such importance.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |