Тебраниш ва тулкинлар
Гармоник тебранишлар тенгламаси
X=A cos (ωt+φ); ω=
Гармоник тебранишларнинг харакат тенгламасининг дифференциал куриниши
Физик маятникнинг тебраниш даври
T=2π![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Математик маятникнинг тебраниш даври
T=2π![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB4AAAApCAIAAACtLQ7gAAACxklEQVR4nLWXO0h6YRTAr6+UlMwl0QZLJMpCg4QWxcWlSQi3cHP5gwjiEoGTCCKIU0OLiCgohNjQkqC0tIkWZOqiCBo25CBKDdr/cC+I6XdfXjuDfM+fh/Od1xX+/PxgdOLxeAKBgFwupz05K0Imhx4fHzc3NxkSp7oyQo/HY4bcWaFHj0YjmUzGxG6s0Z1OR6VSseUyQne7XbVa/Vfo7e3tP0GDQRa1/vj4OD093dnZKRaLy6NBa4PBMLe4tbUVj8dzuRzFxeVt/fz8bDQaOaHBIEhbA9rtdnNC9/t9hUKxuP76+np4eMgJjZQxLmtra8ujPz8/kSrXarX9/X3quzRoMqemfUNGaDL3sNlsnNDIeCHQPp+PExq03t3dRaItFsvDw4NGo1kebTabF9ff39+pL9KjyQzCRBBo0GiaoGG8MvTT09P9/X0wGCSmg8FAKpWuBn11dbWxsUGMJ5OJQCCYbvF4PFrcbJ37hb69vXU6naFQiJj2ej2lUrmcyvNoyMt7e3vhcBhK7fr6+ly8sK28v9DAhd+Dg4O3t7eTkxMu7jGPJuTo6AgSJqCXropU6HK5jOHxQpuD2KEhwSeTSQyPl7Ozs1WiIRE3Gg2MQwdCihaJRGKxeDgcUoQi7F5eXmYyGfAlrVZ7d3e3mMXQOUSv11er1e/vb/ibxV3wQrvdbrVam80mTE0mE/QOjLTGcHOXSiWJRILchZcAut/vx/AiCVGKTAZoNDhJKpUi6yITiYTX6yXG9XqdiAYW6EKh4HA4kLuVSgWMQIyhJsBhFmidTvf19UXxhtOPj5eXl+PjYxZoPp8PLkiGhke+ublxuVzpdBrsDhmNBRrDbUKGjkajFxcX19fXkUgEuhx2tgaJxWKzyXpWoOC2220YtFotcDuhEA0hRSM9GuT8/BwSOnTWQP+HCxmBdc+XzWaJATx1Pp+nOPkfXdoqgAmpqfcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Мажбурий тебранишларнинг дифференциал тенгламаси
Ясси синусоидал тулкин тенгламаси
ξ(x,y)=
Фазавий тезлик
υ=![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Тулкин тенгламаси
Δξ =
Мухитдаги электромагнит тулкиннинг таркалиш тезлиги
υ=
Квант механикаси элементлари
Ташки фотоэффект учун Эйнштейн тенгламаси
hν = A+ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Фотоннинг энергияси
Е = hν = ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Фотоннинг импульси
Р =
Де-Бройл тулкиннинг узунлиги
λ = ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Гейзенбергнинг ноаникликлар муносабати
ΔX Δ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
ΔY Δ
ΔZ Δ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Борнинг биринчи постулоти
=nh (n=1,2,3…..)
Борнинг иккинчи постулоти
hν =
Заррачани dv хажмда булиш эхтимоллиги
dW =
Шредингер тенгламаси
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