m ushuk-
ch a la r, ip k a la v a s i, p a n ja , m o 'y lo v , ich ya p ti, c h a p illc itib ,
ch u va lash ib , i/a sh ib , d u m a io q k m ib , kulrang, ta r g
7/,
so c h ib
yubori/gan, m iyoviaydi, xurillaydi
v a b o s h q a s o kzlarni ki ri t ad i .
Sur at lar n i k o ‘z d a n kechirish va u h a q d a s uh b at m a s h g ‘u l o t i n i n g
o' z i ga xos xususiyati s h und a ki , m a s h g ‘u l o t d a k o ‘p o ‘ri nni h i k o y a ,
yangi m a ' l u m o t l a r va s o ' z l a m i m a ' l u m qilish, ularni b o l a l a r g a
o l d i n d a n t a n i s h boMgan t u s h u n c h a l a r b il an taqqos l as h e ga ll aydi .
B u n d a y m a s h g ‘u l o t l a r d a b o l a l a r g a m a ’l u m b o ' l g a n s o ‘z l a r n i
faollashtirish, yangi s o ' z l a m i m u s t a h k a m l a s h c lc me nt l ar i m a v j u d .
B a' z a n kat ta va makt abga t ay y or l o v g ur uh l a r i bol al ar iga m a s h -
g ' u l o t d a r a s s o m l a m i n g rcpr odu ks i ya s urat l ar i ni k o ‘r s a t i shdan h a r n
foydal ani l adi ; b u n d a y m a s h g ' u l o t l a r b ol al ar ga estetik va a x l o q i y
t arbi ya b e r i s h d a m u h i m vosita b o ‘lib hi so bl anadi . U n d a n t o ‘g l ri
foyd a l a ni sh nat i j asi da t arbi yachi b o l a l a r l ug‘atini sezilarli d a r a -
j a d a boyitishi m u m k i n . M a k t a b g a c h a tarbi ya p c d a g o g i k a s i d a va
t as vi ri y f a o l i y a t u s l u b i y o t i d a m a k t a b g a c h a t a r b i y a y o s h i d a g i
b o l a l a r y o s h i g a m o s b o M g a n s u r a t l a r r e p r o d u k s i y a s i n i n g
r o ‘yxatlari ishl ab chiqilgan. M a s a l a n , b o l a l a r b o g ' c h a l a r i u c h u n
d as t u r l a r d a (Tasvir iy s an' at b o l i m i d a ) R. A h m e d o v n i n g „ T o n g “ ,
0 \ T a n s i q b o y c v n i n g „ K u z “ , A. A b d u l l a y e v n i n g „ S h a h l o “ ,
P. B c n k o v n i n g „ D u g o n a l a r “ a s a r l a r i d a n foydalani sh b e l g i l a n g a n .
R e p r o d u k s i y a l a r bilan g u r u h x o n as i bezaladi. Yo ki h a r b i r
bol aga u l ar n i n g must aqi l k o ‘rib ch i qi sh l ar i va estetik zavq ol ishl a ri
u c h u n t a r q a t i b c h i q i l a d i . B o l a l a r m a s h g ' u l o t d a b u r e p r o -
d u k s i y a l a m i k o ' r i b c h i q i s h g a va lining m a z m u n i n i , tasvi rni ng
x a r a k t e r va vositasini t o ‘g ‘ri k o krishga o krga nadi lar . B u n d a y su-
r a tl a r bilan m a s h g ‘u l o t t ashki l et is hdan a w a l t ar b i y a c h i n in g o ‘zi
s u r a t n i d i qq at b i lan k o krib chiqishi, a g a r i m k o n b o' l sa, u n i n g
asl nusxasi ni tasviriy s a n ’a t k o ‘rgazmasiga b o r i b k o ‘rib kelishi.
s u r a t n i k o krsatishni n i m a d a n boshl ashi ni , qaysi so 'z la rn i bol al ar
l ug‘atiga kiritishni, b o l a l a r n i n g o ' z l a r i d a n n i m a l a r h a q i d a s o ‘rash
m u m k i n l i g i n i va b o s h q a l a r n i belgilab q o ‘yishi kerak. Surat janri ga
q a r a b s hunga m o s ish us l ubi yoti t anlanadi. B u n i n g u c h u n bevosita
b o l a l a r n i n g idroki ga t a y a n i b , ul arni ng h i s - t u y g ‘ul arini uyg' ot is h
ker ak. Bu bo l a l ar l ug‘a t i n i boyitishga va faoll asht i ri shga y o r d a m
beradi .
Ma s al an , R. A h m e d o v n i n g „ T o n g “ n o m l i reproduksi yasi ni
k o ‘r i s h d a b o l a l a r „ M u d r o q q i s h l o q “ , „ T o n g g i s h u d r i n g “ ,
„ S o k i n va g o kzal y o z t o n g i " va hokaz o s ur a tl ar b il an t anishadilar.
S u r a t n i n g j o z i b a s i n i , i f o d al i l i g i n i t a r b i y a c h i q a n c h a l i k o ‘z
h i k o ya s id a ber a olish m a h o r a t i g a ega b o klsa, s u r a tn i di qqat bilan
k o krib chi qi sh or qa l i b o l a l a r d a o n a - V a t a n g a b o ‘lgan m u h a b b a t
hissini vuj udga kel i shi ga
y o r d a m beradi. Bu t urdagi suratlarni
k o ' r i b ch i qi sh m a s h g ' u l o t i d a tarbiyachi r a s s o m l a r n i n g me h na t l ar i
h a q i d a , ul ar q a n d a y qi l ib b u n d a y s uratl ar ni b u n y o d qilishlari
( u l a r ni al oh i da b o ky o q l a r bilan j u d a u z o q v a q t — oylar, h at to
yi l lar i chi da chi zi shl ar i) h a q i d a gapirib berishi m u m k i n . Keyingi
m a s h g ' u l o t d a esa r a s s o m l a r t o m o n i d a n c hi zi lga n b u n d a y suratl ar
m u z e y l a r d a s aq l an i s h i n i , u n i j u d a chtiyot qilib asrashl ari ni , uni
t o m o s h a qi l ish, u n d a n z a v q l a n i s h u c h u n j u d a k o kp ki shi lar
kelishini hi koya qilib b e r a d i . agar i m k o n i y a t b o i s a , m uz e yga
b or i b, s ura t l ar gal er eyas i ni t o m o s h a qildirib kelishi h a m m u m k i n .
Mash g' ul o t d a n keyin surat bi r n ec ha kun g ur u h xonasida qoldiriladi
va bolalar uni y an a bi r b o r diqqat bilan k o krib chiqadilar.
Bol al ar lug‘atini f aoll asht i ri sh, ani ql ash va m u s t a h k a m l a s h d a
s u r a tl a r d a n keng f oyda l a ni la di . S urat l arni ng turlari j u d a xilma-xil.
Ma s a l a n , p r e d me t l i s ur a t l a r , voq ei y suratl ar va h ok a z o. Suratlarni
k o ‘z d a n k e c h i r i s h da g i l u g ‘a t ishi bev osi ta k u za ti shda gi l ug‘at
i s h i d a n a n c h a f a r q q i l a d i . B o l a l a r s u r a t d a p r e d m e t l a r n i n g
( b u y u m l a r n i n g ) tasvirini k o ‘r a d i l a r v a biz b ol al ar ga s h u tasvirdagi
b u y u m l a r n i bilishga, y a ' n i ilgari ularga m a ' l u m b o i g a n l a r i bilan
t aqqo sl as hga o kr ga t a mi z . S ur at dagi tasvirni k o ' r i b chi qi sh va u n d a
n i m a l a r t asvi rl anganli gi ni ayt i sh u c h u n bol a ilgari k o ‘rgan, idrok
qi lgan s o kzni, p r e d m e t n i ( b u y u m n i ) esga keltirishi kerak.
S u r a t d a t ipik o br a z berilib, a n i q n a r s a l a r t as vi rl ana di , s h u n i n g
u c h u n bo l a suratdagi tasvirni o s o n l i k c h a bilib oladi. C h i r o y l i s urat
bo l a l ar d i q q a t i n i o ‘z i g a j a l b q il adi v a u s uratni d i q q a t b i l an k o krib
c h i q i s h b i l a n bi rga, ovoz c h i q a r i b , t as vi rdagi b u y u m , h o d i s a
n o m i n i a y t ad i , u nga o kz m u n o s a b a t i n i bildiradi. D a st l ab k i c h k i n -
t o y s ur a tda gi tasvirlarning n o m l a r i n i ( d i q q a t i n i o kzi ga t o r t u v c h i ,
o kziga yaxs hi t ani sh yoki q i zi qar li boMgan n a r s a l ar ni ) t ar t ib si z
s a n a b o ktadi. T ar b i ya ch i n i n g vazifasi b ol al ar ni s urat m a z m u n i n i
i drok q i l ishga, izchillik ( k e t m a - k e t l i k ) b il an k o ‘rib c h i q i s h g a ,
asosiy bel gi l arni ajratib k o kr s a ta o l i s h g a o ' r g a t i s h d a n i bo r at d i r .
S ur a t l ar ni t o kg kri k o krib c h i q i s h m a l a k a l a r i t a ' l i m j a r a y o n i d a ,
t arbi yachi rahbarl i gi da shakl lani b b o r a d i . U b u y u m va h o d i s a l a r n i
s u r a t d a n d a r r o v t a n i b o l i s h g a , h a y o t d a k o ‘r g a n l a r i b i l a n
t a q q o s l a s h g a , t a s vi r l an g an la r n i t o kg ‘ri a s o s l a s h g a o kr g a t a d i va
b o l a l a r n i n g h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r i n i t a r b i y a l a y d i . S u r a t d a g i t a s v i r l a r
y u za si da n beril adigan u m u m i y s av o l l ar ( N i m a t a s v i r l an g an ? Y a n a
n i m a d e y i s h m u m k i n ? ) b o l a l a r n i i d r o k qi li s hga o kr g a t m a y d i .
Suratdagi m a z m u n n i aniq yori t i shga y o r d a m ber uvchi a n c h a t o “g kri
savol b u — S u r a t n i ma h aq i d a ? d e g a n savoldir. T a r b i y a c h i b o l a
larni s ek i n -a s ta l ik bilan b u s avol ga j a v o b ber ishga o krgati b b or a d i.
B u n d a u s h b u usul l ardan f o y d a l a n i l a d i : I) o kzi s ur a t m a z m u n i n i
q i s q a c h a y o r i t i b beradi ; 2) m a r k a z d a g i b u y u m n i ( p r e d m e t n i
k o krsatki ch t a y o q c h a bilan k o ' r s a t a d i va s h u v a q t n i n g o kzida: „ B u
n i m a , b u k i m ? kk) d e b s o ' r a y d i ( y a ' n i b i r i n c h i s a v o l a n i q
j a r a n g l a y d i ) ; 3) surat k o mp o z i t s i y a s i h a q i d a b e r i l a d i g a n savol
tuzilishiga di qqat ini yo'naltiradi: „ O n a m u s h u k q a y e r d a y ot ibdi va
u ki mlarga q ar ayapt i ?" . Katta g u r u h bolalariga suratga n o m o ' y l a b
t o p is hni (f aqat m a s hg ' ul o t o x i r i d a e m a s , balki m a s h g ' u l o t n i n g
b o s h i d a h a m ) takl i f etadi. S u r a t l a r n i k o krib c h i q i s h va u h a q d a
s u h b a t m a s h g kul ot i u m u m i y t a ’l i m i y ( d i d a k t i k ) p r i n s i p l a r g a
b o ky s un a d i , bu h aq d a bevosita k u z a t i s h m a s h g kulotlari h a q i d a fikr
yu ri t i l ga nd a yori t i b o' t i l gan ( s u r a t n i b ol al ar ga k o kr s a t i s h d a n a w a l
d i q q a t l a r i t o kp l a n a d i , t a s v i r n i k o ‘r i b c h i q i s h l a r i u c h u n v a q t
beriladi, s o kngra tarbiyachi r a h b a r l i g i d a s ura t da gi t as vi rl ar b i r i n -
ketin k o krib chi qi l adi , kokrib c h i q i s h j a r a y o n i d a u l a r o krtasidagi
m a z m u n l i bog*liqlik an i q l a n a di ) . Bu m a s h g ku l o t d a l u g ' a t i s hi ni ng
asosiy usuli savoldir. Bunda t url i s h a k l d ag i s a vo l l ar da n f o y d a l a
niladi: I . S u r a t n i n g u m u m i y m a z m u n i n i ani ql ash u c h u n — S ur a t
n i m a h a q i d a ? U n i biz q a n d a y a t a y m i z ? 2. B u y u m l a r n i t asvi rl ash
u c h u n — N i m a ? , Qa nd ay ?, Q a y e r d a ? , N i m a qi l yapt i? , N i m a g a
8 — Q. Shodiycva
1 13
o ‘x s h a y d i ? 3. S u r a t n i n g t a r k i h i y q i s m l a r i o ' r t a s i d a g i o ‘z a ro
b o g l i q l i k l a r n i ani ql as h u c h u n — Nega?, N i m a u c h u n ? , N i ma g a ? ,
K i m n i k i ? , N i m a s i b i lan o ' x s h a s h ? 4. S u ra t d a t a s vi rl anga nl a r da n
c h e t g a c h i q i s h u c h u n — K e y i n n i m a b o ' l a d i ? B u n g a c h a n i m a
b o l g a n edi ? Buni s en q a n d a y t opdi ng ? 5. Surat m a z m u n i g a yaqin
b o ‘lgan, bol al ar shaxsi y t aj ri bas i ga oid savol l ar — S e n d a s h u n d a y
o ' y i n c h o q b o r m i , y a q i n d a b i z n i n g g u r u h i m i z g a ki m keldi? Bu
ya n g i bol an i q a n d a y k u t i b ol di k ? 6. Ka t t a g u r u h b ol al ar ini ng
l u g ‘at l a r in i faollashtirish m a q s a d i d a s i n o n i m l a r n i t anl as h u c h u n
s avol lar Buni yana qaysi s o ‘zlar bilan aytish m u m k i n (kun — oftob —
qu yos h, yordamlashyapti — k o ‘maklashyapti — qarashyapti, tiniq —
beg‘ub or , iliq — issiq, g o ‘zal — k o ‘rkam va boshqalar).
Beri ladi gan s avol l ar d o i r n o h a m j a v ob be r is hn i t al ab etuvchi
b o ' l m a s d a n , balki y o r d a m b e r uvc h i (ve t a kl ovch i ) h a m boMishi
m u m k i n . B u n d a y s a v o l l a r d a n k o ‘p r o q k i c h i k g u r u h l a r d a
f oy d a l a n i l a d i — Bu m u s h u k c h a m i ? Bu k o p t o k m i ?
K a t t a g u r u h l a r d a Y. I. Ti xeyeva t o m o n i d a n ishlab chiqilgan
u s u l l a r d a n foyda l a ni sh m u m k i n . Bu usul „ K i m k o ‘p r o q k o ‘radi “
n o m l i o ‘yin shakl i dagi m a s h q d i r . Bolalar bu o ‘yin m a s h q i d a s u
r a t d a t a s v i r l a n g a n b u y u m n i n g belgilarini b i r - b i r l a r i n i t a k r o r -
l a m a g a n h o l d a ayt adi l ar . B u n d a y usul b ol al ar da k uz a tu vc ha n l i k-
ni, d i q q a t n i rivojlantirish v a ul arni ng l ug' at ini boyi t ish u c h u n
j u d a m u h i m d i r . B u n d a n t a s h q a r i , s u r a tl ar ni t a q q o s l a s h h a m
( n i m a s i b il an o ‘xs haydi , n i m a s i bilan o ‘x s h a m a y d i ) j u d a yaxshi
u su l h i s obl ana di . S u r at l a r n i k o ' z d a n k e c hi r i s h n i n g va beriladigan
s a v o l l a r n i n g m a q s ad i r a s m n i n g asosiy m a z m u n i n i an i q l a s hd an ,
m a ’l u m bi r g u r u h s o ‘z l a r n i faoll asht i ri shdan iborat di r. S h u n i n g
u c h u n s ur a t ni k o ‘z d a n k e c h i r i s h m a s hg ‘u l o t i d a b o l al a r d a n asosiy
b o ‘lgan narsal arni s o ' r a s h g a har akat qilish kerak.
B o l a l a r l u g' at ini f a ol l a sh t i r i s hd a stol yoki x o n t a x t a ustida
k o ' z d a n k ec hi r i la di ga n m a y d a suratlar h a m yaxshi k o l rgazmali
ma t er i a l b o ‘lib hi sobl anadi . Tar biyachi m as h g‘ul ot u c h u n t ar q at ma
s u r a t l a r t o ’p l ami ni , i llust ratsi yalarni , ot kri tkal arni t anl as hi zarur.
K i c h i k g u r u h l a r d a b u n d a y suratl arni k o ' z d a n kechir i sh 5 — 10
d a q i q a d a v o m etadi. Bol a b u vaqt i chida bi r q a n c h a suratlarni
k o ‘z d a n kechiri b, u l a r n i n g n om l a r i n i ayt i shga ulguradi . Ushbu
m a s h g ‘u lot turini t a r b i y a c h i qu yi dagi cha tashkil etishi m u m k i n .
A w a l b o l a l a r s h u n d a y o ‘tqazi l adi ki , ul ar t ar bi y a ch i t o m o n i d a n
b e r i l g a n t ops hi ri qni q a n d a y bajarilayotganligini k o ‘rib turadilar.
S h u n d a n s o lng t ar b i ya chi b o l a l a r g a juft s ur a tl a r d a n birini t arqatib
chi qadi (i kki nchi si stol ustiga yoyi b q o ' y i l a d i ) va t o ps hi ri q b c r ad i :
q o l i n g i z d a g i r a s m belgisiga q a r a b ( r a n g , shakl va h o k a z o l a r ) ,
s u r a t n i n g j uf t ini t ani ab olasiz. S o ' n g r a t arbi ya chi b o s h q a s u r a t -
larni t a r q a t i b c h i q a d i yoki q o ' l l a r i d a g i s ur a tn i a l m a s h t i r i s h n i
tashki! et adi . B u n i n g u c h u n t a r b i y a c h i „ K e t d i k - k e t d i k “ o ' y i n i d a n
foydalani shi m u m k i n . T a r b i ya ch i „ k e t d i k - k e t d i k “ deyishi b i l a n
bol a qoMidagi s ur a t n i teskari t o m o n i b i l a n q o ‘yib, stol u s t i d a t u r -
gan (teskari t o m o n i bilan q o ' y i l g a n ) s ur a t qarshisiga y a q i n l a -
shadi, t a r b i y a c h i n i n g , ,Tokxta!“ d e g a n b u y r u g ‘i b o ky i c h a h a r a k a t n i
t o ' xt at ib, s h u s ur a t ga yaqi n b o l g a n (t eska ri t o m o n i b il an q o ‘yib
q o ‘yi lgan) s u r a t n i n g o ‘ng t o m o n i n i o ‘gi ri b q o ‘yad i va u n i n g
n o m i n i , belgilarini va h o k a z o la r n i a y t i b beradi.
S h u n i n g d e k , yangi o ' y i n l a r , y a ' n i l ot o, kubi kl ar b il an o ky-
n a s h d a n a w a l ( o kyin!arni o kyi n b u r c h a g i g a q o ‘y i s h d a n o l d i n )
ularni k o ‘z d a n kechirish m a s h g ‘u l ot i t ashki l etiladi. Bu m a s h -
g ' u l o t d a b o l al a r bilan h a m m a s u r a t l a r n i n g n om l ar i a n i q l a n a d i va
bu o ' y i n l a r d a n (l ot o va k u b i k l ar d a n ) f o y d al an i sh q oi dal ar i, u l a r n i
saqlash va h o k a z o l a r t o' g' r i s id a t u s h u n c h a l a r beriladi.
K a t t a g u r u h l a r d a s u r a t l a r n i k o ' z d a n k e c h i r i s h b i l a n b i r
v a q t d a , o ‘x s h a s h b u y u m l a r n i g u r u h l a s h g a , u l a r t o kg kr i s i d a
t o p i s h m o q l a r t uzi shga va s h u n g a o ‘x s h a s h m u r a k k a b t o p s hi r i q la r n i
ba j ar ishg a o krgatiladi. M a s a l a n , „ H a r b i r q u s h n i o kz j o y i g a “
( m a k t a b g a t ayyor l ov g uruhi u c h u n ) , „ T e z j a v o b b e r “ , „ A t e l y e “
(tikuv u s t a x on as i ), „Yangi uy ga k o ‘c h a m i z “ va h o k a z o o ' y i n l a r .
Q u y i d a turli y o s h g ur uh l a r i d a s u r a t l a r n i k o ‘z d a n kec hi r i sh v a u
h a q d a s u h b a t m a s h g ‘u l o t l a r i n i n g i s h l a n m a l a r i d a n m i s o l l a r
keltiramiz.
I K K T N C H I K I C H I K G U R U H
M a s h g ‘u lo t mavzusi. „ Q i s h d a s a y r d a “ d e g a n s ur a t n i k o kz d a n
kechirish. ( „ 2 — 3 yoshli b o l a l a r n i n g t a s a w u r l a r i n i k e n g a y t i r i s h
va n ut q i n i rivojlantirish u c h u n s u r a t l a r “ n o m l i seriyali s u r a t l a r .
Mualliflar: Y. R a d i n a va V. Ye zi keyeva . )
N a r i m o n Ori f jonovni ng „ Q i s h d a “ s h e ’rini y o d d a n aytib b e r i s h .
M a q s a d . B o l a l a r t o m o n i d a n s u r a t n i k o ‘z d a n k e c h i r i s h ,
savollarga j a v o b berish, o d d i y x u l o s a l a r c h i q a r i sh , p e d a g o g n i n g
s urat b o ' y i c h a t u z g a n hi k o ya s ig a
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |