kursi, kreslo, divan, stoi, xontaxta, tufli,
botinka, kavush, shippak, mahsi, kalish, etik, r o ‘mol, do'ppi,
qalpoq, felpak, yak tak, chopon, chakmon, lozim , shalvar, shim,
stakan, piyola, krujka
kabi q a t o r s o kz l a r h i s o b i g a boyiydi.
Besh yoshli b o l a l a r n i n g faol l ug‘a t i ga u l a r h a y o t i d a d u c h
kel adi gan h a m m a b u y u m l a r n i n g n o m l a r i n i , u l a r n i n g qi sml a r i ni ,
sifat va xususi yat l ari ni , fazovi y o ‘rni ni v a v a q t m u n o s a b a t l a r i n i
bi l dir uvchi s o ' z l a r kiritiladi. S h u n i n g d e k , b u y o s h d a u l a r n i n g
l u g ' a t i g a m a i s h i y - x o ' j a l i k t u s h u n c h a l a r i n i b i l d i r u v c h i s o ‘z l a r
( s a bz a v o t l ar , m e v a l a r , ki y i ml ar , o ‘y i n c h o q l a r , i di s hlar, o y o q
kiyimlari va h o k a z o la r ) kiritiladi.
Olti yoshli b o l a l a r n i n g faol l ug ‘at iga b u y u m l a r n i n g n u i h i m
belgilarini ( yo g‘o c h , met al !, pl as t mass a, m a t o , shi sha, c h i n n i ) ,
si fat va x u s u s i y a t l a r i n i ( o c h qi zi l, t o ‘q y a s h i l , n o r d o n r o q ,
sar iqr oq, o g ‘i rroq, yengil, s o v u q ro q, i ssiqr oq, issiq, iiiq, iliqroq:
pi shi q, pi shi qroq, pishiq e m a s ; iviydi, s e k i n iviydi v a h o k a z o )
v a b o s h q a t u s h u n c h a l a r n i bi l dir uvchi s o ‘z l a r kiritiladi.
Yetti yoshli b o l a l a r l ug' at iga es a b u y u m l a r n i n g va m a t e r i a l -
l a r n i n g e n g m u h i m b e l g i l a r i n i b i l d i r u v c h i s o ‘z l a r k i r i t i l a d i
( n o r d o n — s h i r i n , a c h c h i q — s h o ‘r, y a s h i l r o q — sariq; m a t o —
qishlik, tukli, yengil, qal i n va h ok az o) . B u n d a farql ashni bildirish
u c h u n z a r u r b o ‘l gan s o ‘z l ar ni kiritish m u h i m a h a m i y a t ka s b
etadi. B o l a l a r o ‘zlari qaysi s o ‘z t o ‘g ‘ri, a n i q ekanligini t a n l a y
o l m a y d i l ar , b al ki e s h i t a y o t g a n s o ‘zlariga t aql i d qiladilar. S h u n i n g
u c h u n t a r b i y a c h i n i n g nut qi b o l a l a r u c h u n n a m u n a bo' l ishi , u
o lz lug‘at i ni b o y i t i s h u st i da ishlashi kerak. U o n a tilining l ug‘at
t a r ki bi ni y a x s h i o ' r g a n i s h i s h a r t. S h u n d a y qilib, b o l a l a r n i n g
l ug‘at i ni b o y i t i s h ishi va u n i n g m a z m u n i n i , bol al ar ni ng b u y u m l a r
t o kg ‘r is id a gi b i l i m l a r i n i m u n t a z a m r a v i s h d a k e n g a y t i r i s h g a ,
u m u m l a s h t i r i s h g a v a c h u q u r l a s h t i r i s h g a intilishi za rur. Bola
l ug‘ati dagi s o ‘z l a r m i q d o r i b ol a tasavvuri bi l an m o s kelishi kerak.
A g a r b ó l a t a s av vu r i rivojlanib, l ug ‘a t boyligi sekin o ‘ssa, u v aqt da
b ol a o kz fi kri ni b o s h q a l a r g a b i l di r i sh da qi yn al ad i , nut qi j u d a
k a m b a g ‘al, t u s h u n a r s i z b o ‘ladi. Aga r a k s i n c h a boMsa, u v aq t d a
bol a s o ‘z m a ’n o s i g a t u s h u n m a y , k o ‘p g a p ir a di ga n „vaysaqi" bo' l i b
q o l a d i . S h u b o i s h a r i k k a l a h o l a t h a m b o l a t a f a k k u r i n i n g
rivojlanishiga s al bi y t a ' s i r k o ‘rsatadi. B ol a l ug‘atiga m u o m a l a d a n
c h i qa r il ga n v a m a h a l l i y shevaga o i d s o ‘zl ar ni kiritish ya r am a y di .
Bolalarning bir-birlari va kattalar bilan m u l o q o t d a bolishlari h a m d a
o ‘z fi krl ar i ni e r k i n , t u s h u n a r l i b a y o n qilishl ari u c h u n asosi y
m a n b a l a r d a n bi ri b o l a l a r badi i y a d a bi yot id i r. Bol al ar k at t al a r n i ng
o ‘qib berishi, h i k o y a qilishlari orqali badiiy asarlarni idrok et adi l ar
va s h u a s o s d a l u g ' a t l a r i boyi b boradi.
2.
B o l a l a r
Iug‘atini aniqlash
va m u s t a h k a m i a s h . B ol al ar
l ug‘ati dagi s o kz l a r n i m u s t a h k a m l a s h g a t arbi ya chi al ohi da e ' t i b o r
berishi za rur. Bu vazif a m a k t a b g a c h a t ar bi y a yoshidagi b o l a l a r
n i n g y o s h v a i n d i v i d u a l x u s u s i y at l ar i n i h i s o b ga o i g an h o l d a
a m a l g a o s hi ri la d i . B o g ‘c h a yoshi dagi b o l a l ug‘at ida s o ' z l a r n i n g
m u s t a h k a m o ‘r n a s h i s h i u c h u n u ni k o kp m a r t a takrorlash zarur.
Bola x o t i r as i d a qiyinlik bilan n i u s t a h k a m l a n a d i g a n m u r a k k a b
s o ‘zl ar ga q u y i d a g i l a r kiradi: 1) u m u m l a s h t i r u v c h i s o ‘zlar: uy
h ay v o n l ar i ( o t , sigir, q o ' y , e c h k i , e s h a k ) ; m e b e l (stui, stol,
d i va n, x o n t a x t a , j a v o n ) ; o y o q kiyimlari (tufli, bot inka, s hi ppak,
k a v u s h , k a l i s h ) , i d i s h - t o v o q l a r ( l i k o p c h a , kos a, p i y o l a ) va
h o k a z o l a r ; 2 ) m a v h u m s o ‘z l a r ( j i m j i t l i k , s a r g ‘ish, t o z a l i k ,
g o ‘zallik); 3) s i f a t l ar n i b i l di r uvc h i s o ‘z l a r ( g ' a d i r - b u d u r , t i p-
tini q , n o r d o n , s h a h a r l i k , t e m i r d e k ) va hokaz ol a r.
T o v u s h j i h a t d a n qiyi n t al affuz et il adi gan s o kzl ar (trolleybus,
m o t o r o l l e r , e k s k a v a t o r , e s k a l a t o r , t i p r a t i k a n , a v t o b u s ,
t e r m o m e t r , k o t l et , k o m p o t , t elevizor, pl as t mass a) va must aqi l
o ‘zlashtirilishi q i y i n b o i g a n s o ‘zl ar bi r n e c h a m a r t a t ak ro r la na d i ,
b o l al ar ga a w a l j o kr b o ' l i b t ak r o r la s h , s o kngra y a k k a m a - y a k k a
74
t a k r o r la s h t akl if etiladi. M a s a l a n , „ M a n a l i k o p c h a , b i z d a li-
k o p c h a l a r j u d a k o kp, h o z i r n a v b a t c h i 5 t a l i k o p c h a ol i b keladi.
H o z i r e n a g a l i k o p ch a g a o v q a t solib b c r a d i . . . “ . Bol a l ug ‘atini
m u s t a h k a m l a s h d a n t as hq a r i b o s h q a vazifa, y a ' n i s o ‘z m a ’nosini
ani ql as h h a m hal e t i l mo g ’i l ozi m. Bol ani ng h a y o t i y tajribasi yetarli
boMmaganligi u c h u n a y r i m s o ‘z l ar n i n g m a ' n o s i n i t e z o ‘zlashtira
o l m ay d i . Bu j a r a y o n u z o q d a v o m etib, b u t u n m a k t a b g a c h a t ar-
bi ya yoshi ni o ‘z ichiga q a m r a b oladi.
M a s a l a n , bo l al ar „ s t o l “ s o ' z i d a n er t a f o y d a l a n a boshl aydi l ar.
U l a r bu s o ‘z j i h o z , b u y u m n i n g n o m i e k a n li g i n i bi l adi lar, „ s t o l “ ,
„ o v q a t l a n i s h “ m a ' n o s i d a h a m ishlatilishini ( A k m a l n i n g t u g ‘ilgan
k un i g a b o r g a n i m i z d a „ s t o l i “ yaxshi edi, y a ' n i d a s t u r x o n d a b a r c h a
n o z - n e ' m a t l a r b o r edi, y ax sh i m c h m o n qi l di) k ey i n c h a l ik bilib
o l ad i l a r . „ B a y r a m “ s o ‘z i n i n g m a ' n o s i h a m m u n t a z a m c h u -
qur l as ht ir i b boriladi: k i ch i k y o sh d a g i b o l a „ b a y r a m “ s o ‘zini his-
h ay a jo n ( e m o t s i o n a l ) , x u s h c h a q c h a q l i k d a q i q a s i m a ' n o s i d a idrok
etadi. Ka t t a yos hd ag i b o l a es a „ b a y r a m “ ( M u s t a q i l l i k bayr ami
yoki N a v r o kz b a y r a m i ) b u b u t u n o ‘z be k x a l q i n i n g milliy b a y
r a m i , u n i b u t u n 0 ‘z b e k i s t o n x al qi s h o d - u x u r r a m l i k b i l a n
n i s h o n l a s h i n i t u s h u n a d i .
B u n d a n t a s h q a r i , b o l a l a r n i n g t a f a k k u r i ( f i k r yu ri t i s hl ar i )
0
‘zi ni n g aniqligi, k o kr g a zm al i bo' l ish i b i l a n k a t t a l a r n i n g tafak-
kuri dan farq qiladi. Ular, e n g a w a l o , ani q s o ‘zl ar ni o ‘zlashtiradilar.
B o l a l a r l u g ‘a t i d a u m u m i y t u s h u n c h a l a r n i b i l d i r u v c h i s o ' z l a r
m a v j u d b o l i b , u l a r da n x a t o fo yd al an a d i l ar , y a ’ni u s h b u s o ‘z-
l ar n i n g m a ' n o s i c h e g a r a l a n g a n h o l d a t u s h u n i l a d i . B u n i n g natija-
si da b o l a l ar bilan t a r b i y a c h i o ‘rt asi da t u s h u n m o v c h i l i k l a r vuj udga
keladi va bol al ar t a r b i y a c h i n i n g s o ‘zlarini a n g l a b yet may di lar .
S h u n i n g u c h u n t a r b i y a c h i n i n g asosi y vazif asi b o l a l a r yoshi ga
m o s s o ‘z l a r t a n l a b , u l a r n i n g m a ’n os i ni t u s h u n t i r i s h i , n a r s a -
b u y u m va h o d i s al ar ni n g n o m l a r i n i t o ‘g ‘ri a y t is hi ker ak. Xul os a
qilib s h u ni aytish j oi zki , t ar bi y a ch i qaysi t u r d a g i m a s h g ‘ulotni
0
‘t ma s i n, qaysi faoliyatni t ashki l e t m a s i n , a l b a t t a yangi , bol al ar
t o m o n i d a n must aqi l r a vi s h da o ‘zlashtirilishi q i y i n b o ‘lgan s o lz-
larni bo l a l ar l ug‘a t i d a m u s t a h k a m l a s h i va u l a r n i n g m a ’nosi ni
a l o h i d a t u s h u n t i r i s h i s h a r t . M a s a l a n , o ‘r t a g u r u h d a ( d a s t u r
a s os ida) , , G o ‘r o ‘g kli“ d o s t o n i d a n p a r c h a o ‘q i y o t g a n d a (badiiy
as arni o ‘qib berish m a s h g ‘ul ot i) m a t n d a „ b a y t a l “ s o ‘zi uchr aydi .
Bu s o kzni bol a ilk b o r e s h i t a y o t g a n b o l i s h i m u m k i n . Ta r bi y a ch i
„ b a y t a l “ b u o n a o t e k a n l i g i n i b o l a g a t u s h u n t i r i b , b o l a n i
( G o ‘r o ‘g ‘lini) e m i z i b t u r g a n ot r a smi ni bolalarga ko' rsat ishi va
„ b a y t a l “ s o ‘zi ni k o ‘p m a r t a t a k r o r la s h u s ul i da n foydal ani b, bol a
x ot ir a s id a m u s t a h k a m l a s h i kerak.
S h u t a r i q a d o s t o n m a t n i d a g i „ y i l q i ch i “ , „ y i l q i b o n " , „ s u l u v “ ,
„ k u v i “ kabi s o ‘z l a r n i n g m a ' n o s i h a m t ushunt ir il i b, m u s t a h k a m -
lanadi.
3 . B o l a l a r lu g ‘atin i f a o ll a s h t i r i s h . T a r b iy a c h i b o l a l a r n i n g
lugkat i ni b o y i t i b g i n a q o i m a s d a n , balki i ug' at dagi s o ‘zl ar da n o ‘rinli
f o y d a l a n i s h g a h a m o krgatib bo ri sh i , n u t q orqali b a y o n et il adi gan
fikrlarini a n i q r o q ifoda e t a ol ish k o ' n i k m a s i n i hosil qildira olishi
k e r a k . B o l a l a r l u g ‘a t i n i f a o l l a s h t i r i s h n i n g m a z n i u n i h a r b i r
g u r u h d a u l a r n i n g y o s h va i ndi vi dua l xususiyatlarini hi sobga ol gan
hol da „ B o l a l a r b o g ‘chasida t a ’l im- tarbi ya dast uri “ da b ay o n etilgan.
B o l a l a r l u g ‘a t i n i f a o l l a s h t i r i s h — b u b o l a l a r t o m o n i d a n
m a ’nos i ni a n i q t u s h u n g a n h o l d a f oyda l a ni la di ga n s o ‘zl ar m i q -
d o r i n i n g o r t i b borishidir.
T u r l i - t u m a n faoliyat t u r l a r i d a ( m a s h g ‘ul ot da, o ‘yin, m e h n a t ,
ma i s h i y faoli yat va k u nda l ik t ar t i b j a r a y o n i d a ) bolalarni o ‘z lug'at
b o y l i gi da n f o y d a l a n i s h g a o ' r g a t i s h u l a r n ut qi ni o ‘s t i ri shning z a r u r
s har ti di r, c h u n k i tilni u n d a n f o y d al an i sh j a r a y o n i d a g i n a egallash
m u m k i n . B o l a l a r n i n g kat tal ar b i l a n n ut qi y m u l o q o t i ul ar l ug' at i ni
f a ol l a sh t i r i s hd a q i m m a t l i vosi t a b o ‘lib hi sobl anadi . S h u n i n g d e k ,
t o p s h i r i q l a r b e r i s h , y a ’ni u s l u b i v o t x o n a s i g a b o r i b , k a t t a
t a r b i y a c h i d a n d i d a k t i k ( t a ’l imi y) o ' y i n c h o q yoki s urat s o ‘rab
kelish; s a y r h a q i d a e n a g a g a s o ' z l a b berish; N o m i n i m a ? Rangi
q a n d a y ? Q a n d a y m a t e r ia l d a n qi l in g an ? N i m a u c h u n ker ak? kabi
s avol lar b e r i s h ; b ol al ar ga m a ’l u m b o kIgan s o ‘zlarni t o kg ‘ri dan
t o kg ‘ri a yt i b, esiga t ushi ri sh, o ' x s h a s h l i k b o ’yi cha ( b u y u m l a r n i n g
vazifasiga q a r a b ) yangi s o lz y a s a s h ( q a n d u c h u n q a n d d o n , sut
u c h u n sut i di sh ); o byek t u c h u n xos b o ' l ga n sifat va f e ’llarni
t a n l a s h ( q a n d a y hi koya? — kulgili, x u s h c h a q c h a q , xuddi cr ta kk a
o ‘xs hayd i ); t ar bi y a ch i t o m o n i d a n tushi ri b qol di ri lgan s o ‘z!arni
t op i b a y ti sh v a toMdirish ( l ini ng ignalari q i s hd a ... — k u m u s h d c k ;
ayi ql ar a r a v a d a sil... — s il ki ni shadi ) kabi us ul lar dan foydal ani b,
b o l a l a r i u g ‘a t i n i faollashtirish m u m k i n .
4. B o l a l a r lu g (a tid ag i m a h a lliy s h e v a g a oid so^ziarni adabiy
s o ‘/ l a r b ila n a lm a s h t i r i s h . 0 ‘z b e k tiliga Davlat tili m a q o m i bcr i-
lishi m u n o s a b a t i bi l an n u t q i m i z d a ishlatiladigan s o kzlarga e ’t ibor
y a n a d a k u c h a y d i . Bolalar l ug’a t i d a mahal li y shevaga oid s o ‘zlarga
e ’t i b o r b e r m a s l i k kel gusi da m a k t a b d a t a ’lim olish j ar a y o n i g a ,
kishilar bi l an m u l o q o t d a b o' l i s hg a sal bi y t a ' s i r k o krsatadi. C h u -
n o n c h i , m a k t a b d a o l i b b o r i l g a n k u z a t i s h l a r n a t ij al ar i s h u n i
k o ‘rsatdiki, o ‘q u v c h i l a r n u t q i da gi o r f o g r a f i k xat ol ar : a) m a h a l li y
s heva t a ’sirida; b) bol a q a n d a y gapi rsa, s h u n d a y y o zi s hi d a n kelib
c h i q a d i g a n x a t o l a r d i r . M a h a l l i y s h e v a g a o i d s o kz l ar n i n g k o ‘p
ishlatilishi kel gusi da m a k t a b d a b ol al ar s a v o d x o n l i g i n i oshi ri shga
xalal beradi. Bol a l u g ka t i n i n g s he v a ga o i d s o ‘z l a r hisobiga boy i b
bor i shi da o i lada o t a - o n a l a r n i n g , a t ro f da g i ki s hi la r ni ng, bo l a l ar
bog ' chas ida esa t arbi ya chi ni ng, bo g ‘c h a x o d i m l a r i n i n g t a ’siri katta.
C h u n k i b o l a l a r a t r o f d a g i l a r d a n e s h i t g a n h a r q a n d a y s o ‘zl ar ni
o kzlashtirib borishadi, natijada bu s o ‘zlar b o l a l ug‘at i ni ng mahsuliga
a yl anadi . S h u n i n g u c h u n t arbi ya chi o t a - o n a l a r bi l an suhb at va
m a ’r u z a l a r o kt k a z i b , u l a r g a iloji b o r i c h a a d a b i y t il d a g a p l a -
shishlari ni , bol an i hai n s o f a da bi y t il da s o ‘z l a s h g a o krgatishlari
l ozimligini uqt i ri shi zarur.
Avvalo, t a r b i y a c h i - p e d a g o g n i n g o ‘zi b o l a l a r bi l an s o f ad a b i y
til qo i dal ar i ga rioya qilib s o kzlashishi l ozi m. B u n i n g u c h u n o ‘zbe k
tili l ug'atini m u n t a z a m t a r z d a o ‘rganib b o r i s h i , a da bi y t alaffuz
q oi dal ar i ga rioya qi l gan h o l d a gapirishi, o ' q i b b er is hi yoki hi ko ya
qilishi, b u y u m l a r , j o n l i v a j o n s i z t abi at h o d i s a l a r i , o' s i ml ikl ar ,
h a y v o n o t d u n y o s i , k at t al a r m e h n a t i , i jt i m o i y ha y o t hodisalari
va h o k a z o l a r u c h u n Iug‘a t c h a l a r t uzi shi k e r a k . M a s a l a n , h a r
bi r t arbi yachi o ' z i n i n g vil oyat iga tegishli s h e v a g a o i d so' z l a r ni
n a z a r d a t utib, l ug‘at ni q u yi d a g i c h a t uzi shi m u m k i n :
B u x o r o
sh c v a s id a
Adabiy
taluiïuzda
kad i
qovoq
b o y i m j o n
baqlajon
z a ld o r i
o'rik
satil
chcla k
k u n ja k
b u rc h a k
m a d o n c h a
hujra
kissa
c h o 'n ta k
c h o y g a r d o n
c h o 'm i c h
B u x o r o
shcvasida
Adabiy
lalufTuzda
julob
paypoq
k a lla p o 'sh
d o ’ppi
z o c h a
qo*g‘ir choq
niurg'
tovuq
gcchi
cchki
kurracha
xo'tik
barra
q o ‘y
tortanak
o 'r g i m c h a k
Bola l ug‘at i dagi m a h a l l i y sheva ga o i d s o ‘z I a r ni a da bi y s o ‘zlar
b il an a l m a s ht i r i s h u c h u n turli u s u l l a r d a n f o yd al an i l a di . C h u -
ñ o n c h i : I) m a h a l l i y s h c va g a o í d s o ' z l a r n i a d a b i y s o kz bi l an
al mas ht ir i sh m u m k i n b o l s a ( k u r r a c h a — x o ' t i k ) , a w a l x o r b o ‘lib
t akror lat is h, s o ‘n g esa h a r bir b o l a d a n q a y t a aytishni tal ab etish;
2) n o m i b u z i b a y t i l g a n ( z o c h a — q o ' g ' i r c h o q , b a r r a — q o ‘y,
m u r g ‘ — t o v u q v a h o k a z o l a r ) n a r s a - b u y u m n i n g r a s mi n i yoki
o ‘y i n c h o q l a r n i b u y u m l a r i c h i d a n t o p i s h n i b u y u r i s h ; 3) s h u
n a r s a - b u y u m n i n g r a s mi ni solib, u n i n g n o m i n i t a k r o r ayttirish.
Y u q o r i d a b a y o n eti l gan l ug‘at ishi ning h a m m a ish vazifalari
bi r v a q t n i n g o ' z i d a b i r b u t u n p e da g o gi k j a r a y o n d a hal etiladi.
Ayn i v a q t d a h a r b i r ish vazifasi o kz xususiyatlariga, o ‘z usul va
usl ubi yoti ga ega.
Bol al ar b o g ' c h a s i d a g i o ' q u v j a r a y o n i m a s h g lul ot hi sobl ani b,
u s h b u m a s h g ‘u l o t d a l ug‘at i s h i n i n g b i r o n - b i r ish vazifasi hal
etiladi, q o l g a n ish vazifalari esa y o ‘l - y o ‘l akay a m a l g a oshiriladi.
3 - § . „B o lalar bog‘chasida t a ’lim -tarbiya
d a s tu ri“ bo ‘yicha turli yosh guruhlarida olib
boriladigan lug‘a t ishi
Turl i g u r u h l a r d a olib b o ri ladi gan l u g ‘at i shining m a z m u n i
„ B o l a l a r b o g ‘c h a s i d a t a ' l i m - t a r b i y a d a s t u r i “ asosi da belgilangan.
U n d a l u g 'a t ishi b ol al ar ni t e v a r a k - a t r o f bi lan t anishtirish dast uri
asosida t uzi lgan.
B o l al ar t e v a r a k - a t r o f , ijti moi y h a y o t hodi sal ari bilan m c h n a t ,
o ‘yi n, m a i s h i y h a y o t j a r a y o n i d a va m a s h g ' u l o t l a r d a t a n i s h i b
boradilar. „ B o l a l a r b o g kchas ida t a ' l i m- t a r b i y a dast uri “d a bolalarni
t e v a r a k - a t r o f b i l a n t ani sht ir is h bi r n e c h a b o l i m l a r d a n iborat qilib
ajratib k o ‘r s at i l gan.
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