m a d a n i y saviyasiga, t as hqi m u h i t t a ’siriga b o g i i q d i r . B a ’zi oila-
l ar da bo l a n u t q i n i n g o ‘sishi bi l an ma x su s s h u g ' u l l a n a d i l a r , y a ’ni
ul arg a yangi -ya n gi b u y u m l a r n i k o ‘rsatadil ar, u l a r n i n g n o ml ar i ni
a y t a d i l a r , u b il an t urli i s h - h a r a k a t l a r n i b a j a r i b k o ' r s a t a d i l a r ,
b ol an i n g s anoqs i z savollariga e r i n m a y j a v ob b e r a d i l a r , o ‘zlari bilan
k o ‘c h a g a ay la n g an i olib chi q a d i l ar , t e v a r a k - a t r o f , m u h i t bilan
t a n i s h t i r a d i l a r . K i t o b d a g i i i l u s t r a t s i y a l a r y u z a s i d a n s u h b a t -
lashadilar, k i ch i k - ki ch i k s h e ' r l a r , hi koya va e r t a k l a r o ‘qib b e r a
d i l ar va hokaz o. B u n d a y s h a r oi t d a t ar b i y al an a y o t g a n bolalar lug‘ati
t a l a b eti l gan s o lz m i q d o r i g a ega b o' l a d i . U l a r kelgusi faoliyatga
( m a k t a b va u n d a n keyingi faoliyatga) t a y y o r b o ‘lishadi, y a' ni
yetarli s o ‘z m i q d o r i g a , n u t q n i n g sifat j i h a t d a n t a ko m i l l a s h g a n
darajasiga ega b o ‘lishadi. B a ’zi oilalarda esa b ol a n ut q i n i ng o'sishiga
e ' t i b o r ber il maydi . A n a s h u n i n g natijasida b o g ‘c h a yoshi dagi b o
l al ar s o kz boyligi o ‘rt asi da sezilarli farq k o ‘z g a y a q q o l t ashl anadi.
2- §. B o lalar bog‘chasida lu g 4a t ishining
vazifalari va mazm uni
Bol al ar b o g ‘c h a s i d a l u g ‘a t ishi — bu b o l a l a r n i n g faol l ug‘atini
ul arga n o t a n i s h yoki qiyi n s o lzlar hi sobi ga rejali kengaytirishdir.
M a ’Iumki, m a k t a b g a c h a t ar bi ya yoshi dagi b o l a l a r n i n g lug'atini
kengayti r ish bi r v a q t n i n g o ' z i d a t e v a r a k - a t r o f d a g i voqel i k bilan
tanishtirish va u n g a t o ‘g ‘ri m u n o s a b a t d a boMishni t arbiyalash bilan
q o ‘shib olib boriladi.
Biz o ‘z flkrlarimizni g a p orqali i fo d al a y mi z. G a p s o' z l ar d an
tuziladi. S o ‘z esa t i lning quri l i sh materialidir. S h u n i n g u c h u n h a m
s o ‘zni b i l m a y t u r i b , t i lni bilish m u m k i n e m a s . N u t q i m i z d a
i shlatiladigan s o kz l a r n i n g h a m m a s i t i l i m i z n i n g l u g ‘at
boyligini,
y a ' n i leksikasini tashkil etadi. Leksi ka s o kzi y u n o n c h a leksis s o lzi-
d a n ol ing an b o' l i b , u s o ‘z d e g a n i n a ' n o n i bi ldi r adi .
H a r bi r s o ‘z d a q u y i d a g i l a r m u h i m a h a m i y a t g a ega: 1) lining
a h a m i y a t i yoki m a ’nosi; 2) s o ‘zn in g t o v u s h t arki bi ; 3) u n i n g
m o rf ol ogi k tuzilishi. B o l a l a r bi l an l ug‘at i s hi ni t ashki l e t ga nda
s o ' z n i n g m a n a s hu u c h t a t o m o n i g a e ’t i b o r b e r i s h kerak.
Bol al ar b o g ‘c h a s i d a l u g ‘at ishi ning a n i q vazifalari bolalarni
p r e d m e t l a r n i n g q i s m l a r i n i , r a nglari ni , h a j m i n i f a r ql as hga o ‘r-
g a t i s h d a n iborat. S h u a s o s d a gavda q i s m l a r i n i ( b o s h , qoMlar,
o yoql ar , b u r u n , o g ‘iz, k o ‘zl ar va h ok az o) , h a j m n i (katta, kichik)
va ranglarni (qizil, sariq, k o l k, yashil) b i l di r uv c hi s o ‘zl ar bol aning
lug'atiga kiritiladi.
Ikki y o s h n i n g oxi ri da o ' x s h a s h p r e d m e t l a r n i , n a r s a - b u y u m -
larni
( m a s a l a n , m u s h u k n i
u n i n g rangi, kattaligidan q a t ’i n a z a r
t ani sh) bi tt a s o ‘z bilan aytishga, b i r gur uhda gi buyuml ar ni bo s hqa
g ur uhd a gi b u y u m l a r d a n rangi, k at t al igi dan q a t ’i na z ar ( k o p t o k ni
s h a r d a n , p i y o l a n i s t a k a n d a n va h o k a z o ) farqlashga o' r gat il adi.
U c h y o s h d a n b o s h l a b b o l a l u g ‘ati k a t t a l a r va o ‘zi s h a x s a n
m u n o s a b a t d a b o ‘l adigan u y - r o ‘z g ko r b u yn m l a r i n o m i n i , k o ' c h a d a ,
b o g ‘d a , x i y o b o n d a v a b o s h q a j o y l a r d a ( t r a n s p o r t v o si tal ar i .
qurilishlar, o ‘simliktar, h a y v on l a r va h o k az o) k o krgan pre dme t la r
nomi ni bildiruvchi s o' zlar bilan boyiydi.
Bol a o ‘zi m u n o s a b a t d a boMadi gan b u y u m l a r n i n g q i s mi ni
(dasta, c h o y n a k n i n g q o p q o g ki; yeng, c h o ' n t a k , t ug ma l ar , t u g m a
teshigi, y o q a v a h o k a z o l a r n i ) , s hakl i ni (shar, kubik, a yl a n a) ,
m e v a - s a b z a v o t j a r n i n g mazasi ni (shi ri n, n o r d o n , mazali, b e m a z a ,
a c h c h i q ) , k u n n i n g q i s m l a r i n i ( e r t a l a b , k u n d u z i , k e c h q u r u n )
bi l dir uvchi s o ‘z l a r hisobiga l ug‘at boyligi kengayadi.
T o ‘rt y o s h l i b o l a l a r h a m m a b u y u m l a r n i , j i h o z l a r n i ,
turli
t r a n s p o r t v o s i t a l a r i n i n g n o m i n i a n i q aytadilar. B ul ar da n t as h-
qari: 1) b u y u m l a r n i n g h a jmi ni , d e t al l ar i n i n g kat t a- ki chi kl igi ni
fa rql ashni b i l d i r u v c h i ( k a t t a r o q , katta, k i ch ki n a , k i c h k i n a r o q ,
keng, k e n g r o q , u z u n , u z u n r o q , y o ‘g ‘o n , i ngi chka kabi);
2) b u y u m l a r n i n g j o y l a s h i s h o ‘ r n i n i ( o kn g d a , c h a p d a ,
o ‘rtasida, o r q a s i d a , yaqi n i d a , y o n i d a ) , k u n qi s mlari ni va u l ar n i n g
belgilarini ( e r t a l a b , k e c h q u r u n ,
kcc hasi , s ah a r , s hor n, xuf t o n ,
q o r o n g ' i , y o r u g 4 kabi);
3) b u y u m l a r n i n g fizik si fat l arini ( y u m s h o q , q at t i q , issiq,
s o v u q, si lliq, t i p - t i n i q , g ‘a d i r - b u d u r , y a lt ir oq va h o k a z o l a r ) ,
xusu si yat lari ni (eriydi, iviydi, yirtiladi kabi) bi ldiruvchi s o 'z la r
h a m u l a r l u g ‘at ini boyitadi.
I .
B o l a l a r n i n g lu g ‘atini bo y itish . Bol al ar l ug‘atini boyitish
d e g a n d a , b i z , u l a r n i n i u s t a q i l o lz l a s h t i r i s h l a r i u c h u n q i y i n
b o ' l g a n y a n g i s o ' z l a r b i l a n m u n t a z a m t a n i s h t i r i b b o r i s h n i
t u s h u n a m i z . B o l a l a r l ug'atini boyi t ish ishi u c h y o ' n a l i s h d a olib
borilishi m u m k i n :
1. S e ki n -a s t a l i k bilan m i q d o r i oitib boradigan b u y u m l a r va
hodi sal ar b il an tanisht irib borish.
2. T e v a r a k - a t r o f i m i z n i o ‘r a b t u r g a n p r e d m e t l a r va h o d i -
s a l ar ni n g n o m i n i , sifatini, xusus i yat lari ni , ul ar n i n g o ‘z a r o m u -
n o s ab a tl a r i n i bi l di r uvch i s o ‘z l ar ni kiritish.
3.
Fred met í a rn i n g belgilariga q a r a b f a rq l as h va u m u m l a s h -
tirish asosi da b o s h l a n g ' i c h t u s h u n c h a l a r n i b i l d i r u vc h i so' z l a r ni
kiritish.
Lu g' a t ni bo yi ti sh ishi ning u c h y o ‘nal i sh i b o ‘y i c h a
olib b o r i -
ladigan ish h a m m a g u r u h l a r u c h u n t aal l uql i b o klib, faqat m a z m u n
j i h a t d a n fa r q q i l a d i . M a s a l a n , t a b i a t
h o d i s a l a r i , b u y u m l a r ,
ijti moi y ha y o t hodi sal ar i va h o k a z o l a r b i l a n t an i s h t i r i s hd a ish
m a z m u n i n i n g o d d i y d a n m u r a k k a b g a bor i shi b i lan turli g u r u h l a r d a
o kz a ro farq qiladi.
Ikki yoshli b o l a l a r b o g ' c h a d a , u y d a m u n o s a b a t d a b o ' l a d i g a n
b u y u m l a r n i n g , k i y i m - k e c h a k l a r , m e b e l l a r , i d i s h - t o v o q l a r ,
o ‘y i n c h o q l a r va h o k a z o l a r n i n g n o m l a r i n i bilib ol adi l ar. E n d i u l a r
m a i s h i y - x o ‘jal i k va o ‘yi n f a oii yatl ar ida f o y d a l a n i l a d i g a n a y r i m
b u y u m l a r va u l a r b il an baj ar i l adi gan h a r a k a t l a r n i n g n o m l a r i n i
bilib oiishlari kerak.
Bu y o s h da u l a r n i n g n a r s a - b u y u m l a r t o ‘g ‘risidagi
bi l iml ari
c h u q u r l a s h i b va m u s t a h k a m l a n i b b o r a d i , e n d i u l a r o ‘x s h a s h
b u y u m l a r n i bel gi l ari ga q a r a b f a r q l a s h g a o ‘r gati l adi va b u n i n g
nat i j asi da u l a r l u g ‘ati
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: