Psychology of management

 Definiteness potential
. This is the degree of distinctness, fixation of the demands set 
by the work and management to a collective member. 
The significance of the definiteness potential in work is hard to overestimate. On the 
degree of definiteness, certainty, and clearness of the duties to be performed by a collective 
member the success of the common matter depends most directly. It is natural that without 
distinctiveness in work there can be no exactingness. 
Definiteness potential also manifests itself in mental health, activity, needs, and claims of 
a separate individual. In regard to a personality, this is a projective characteristic of its preferable 
directedness at a greater or a lesser degree of activity preset from the outside. The potential of 
indefiniteness plays a varying role depending on the character of work performed by a collective. 
In conditions of creative activity the grade of indefiniteness must be higher than in the conditions 
of non-creative work. 
And as an optimal factor of social-and-psychological climate of a collective should be 
such ratio of the degree of objective definiteness to the corresponding level of a person’s claims 
that would correlate with the utmost collective’s productivity and spiritual development of a 
personality. 
3. Factors influencing moral-and-psychological climate 
A collective’s social-and-psychological climate is a considerable factor of human activity 
influencing the whole system of relations, people’s way of life, their everyday general state, 
workability, and the level of personal creative self-realization. In its turn, social-and-
psychological climate depends on a number of factors which cause a positive or negative impact 

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on it. Some of them can be influenced by a leader, while others cannot. These factors are 
classified as outer and internal ones. 
The outer factors are caused by events occurring outside an organization. They include 
family problems, regional social problems, catastrophes, etc. 
All the things that happen in a family very quickly affect employees’ general state. 
Because outer factors are beyond an executive’s direct control (s)he must be very experienced 
and attentive to get rid of them if possible. For instance, an employee has certain financial 
difficulties and keeps thinking of overcoming them. The state of depression disables him/her to 
successfully deal with production tasks. An executive in the course of a talk can find out these 
problems and take an adequate decision. (S)he estimates the grade of this factor’s influence and 
estimates a possibility of neutralizing it. 
At large enterprises, in big companies there are established social and psychological 
services monitoring the state of social-and-psychological climate and detect the factors that 
destabilize it. At the same time, employees of these services can provide psychological help to 
the organization’s employees needing it. If necessary, specialists from these services talk with 
the management and supply professionally calculated and verified recommendations and advices 
on the peculiarities of communication with employees. These services can considerably diminish 
the scales of conflicts and even to eliminate them completely.