Psychology of management

The group integrity indicators
are the group integrity index, the frequency and strength 
of communicative links, coordination and value-and orientation unity. 
The group integrity index
is defined in the course of sociometric research and is 
calculated as the ratio of total number of mutual positive choices to the number of possible 
choices. The content characteristic of these mutual positive choices is omitted. The group 
integrity index is strictly a formal characteristic of a group. 
Frequency and strength of communicative links
is put into the basis of integrity 
research by L. Festinger. He defined integrity as sum total of all the forces influencing group 
members to hold them within. These forces were interpreted as either the attractiveness of the 
group for an individual, or as satisfaction with belonging to it. 
Coordination as a criterion of unity has been offered by T Newk, who points out the need 
in appearing of similar group members’ orientation concerning some meaningful values, and 
which is regulated by emotional reactions of separate individuals and of the group as a whole. 
Value-and orientation unity
is one of the main indicators of group unity which fixes the 
extent of coincidence of its members’ estimations and positions in relation to aims and values the 
most significant to the group as a whole. 
As the value-and-orientation unity index serves the frequency of coincidence of group 
members’ positions in relation to the significant for them objects of evaluation. A high degree of 
value-and-orientation unity acts as an important source of infra-group communication 
intensification and that of increasing common activity’s effectiveness. 

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Satisfaction
. This is a limited criterion in determining the state of social-and-
psychological climate. It has been established that a person’s feeling of satisfaction with his/her 
status or relations with other people in the collective may not correspond to his/her real position 
in the group at all. Thus, in a research conducted at school it was established that sometimes in 
classes where educative work is organized badly, the pupils who openly broke discipline and get 
low marks can have a high coefficient of satisfaction with their status in the collective. 
As a criterion in diagnostics of social-and-psychological climate it is also common to 
view its