Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

help-yordam bermoq
hesitate-ikkilanmoq
hope-umid qilmoq
learn-o’rganmoq,bilmoq
manage-uddalamoq,boshqarmoq
need-kerak,muhtoj bo’lmoq
neglect-mensimay qaramoq,beparvo bo’lmoq
offer-taklif qilmoq
opt-tanlamoq
plan-rejalashtirmoq
prepare-tayyorlamoq
pretend-mug’ambirlik qilmoq
promise-va’da bermoq
refuse-rad qilmoq
resolve-hal qilmoq
rush-yelmoq,chopmoq,shoshilmoq
seem-tuyulmoq
strive-intilmoq,tirishmoq,harakat qilmoq
tend-odatlanib qolmoq
undertake-bajarmoq,amalga oshirmoq
volunteer-ko’ngilli bo’moq
vote-ovoz bermoq
wait-kutmoq
work-ishlamoq
yearn-qattiq xohlamoq

For.ex: He refused to pay the bills.(U hisob-kitoblarni to’lashni rad qildi.)
3.Quyidagi fe’llar bilan ushbu strukturada: “Verb + object + to...” ham infinitive ishlatiladi.

tell-aytmoq
remind-eslatmoq
force-majburlamoq
teach-o’qitmoq
enable-imkoniyat bermoq,huquq bermoq
order-buyurmoq
warn-ogohlantirmoq
invite-taklif qilmoq
persuade-ko’ndirmoq, ishontirmoq
get(=persuade)-ko’ndirmoq,ishontirmoq

For. ex: Can you remind me to phone Sam tomorrow
4.Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin so’roq so’zlar (who,what,where,how...) kelib, ulardan keyin infinitive kelishi mumkin.

ask-so’ramoq
decide-qaror qilmoq
know-bilmoq
explain-tushuntirmoq
learn-o’rganmoq-
understand-tushunmoq
wonder-bilishni xohlamoq

For.ex:

We asked	how	to get	to the station.
Biz vakzalga qanday yetib olishni so’radik
Have you decided	where	to go	for your holidays?
Siz ta’tilingizda qayerga borishga qaror qildingizmi?
I don’t know	how	to use	this gadget.
Bu qrulmandan qanday foydalanishni bilmayman
Do you understand	what	to do?
Nima qilishni bilasanmi?

Note: Lekin “Why “dan keyin infinitive kelmaydi,gap keladi. I want to know why you have decided to leave.
5. Would like(xohlamoq),would love,(xohlamoq,yoqtirmoq),would prefer(afzal ko’rmoq) kabi birikmali fe’llardan keyin Infinitive ishlatiladi.
For.ex: I would like to see the manager.
6. Hissiyot va xarakterni ifodalovchi va shuningdek boshqa sifatlardan (happy, glad,sorry,nice ,willimg,eager,reluctant, anxious,clever, difficult, easy)keyin infinitive keladi.
For.ex: She was happy to win the prize.(U sovrin yutishdan baxtli edi).
He was reluctant to help.(U yordam berishni istar-istamas edi.)
Note: It + be + adjective + of + noun/pronoun+ to infinitive.
For.ex: It was kind of you to help me.(Menga yordam berishingiz siz tomoningizdan mehribonlik edi.)
7.Too(juda)/enough(yetarli,yetarlicha)dan keyin infinitive ishlatiladi. For.ex: She is too young to get married.
He is clever enough to do the crossword.
He’s got enough money to live on
the first the second
8. Be + the next + to infinitive... For.ex: He was the last to come to work
the last the best
9.Ma’lum bir otlar va olmoshlardan(something,somewhere,anyone,nothing) keyin:
For.ex: We have got a lot of homework to do.
Take something to drink on the bus.
10. quyidagi iboralar bilan ishlatiladi: For.ex: To tell the truth,
To begin with, to be honest.
Bare infinitive is used
1.Ko’pgina modal fe’llardan keyin:
For.ex:You must go home
But: have to va ought to dan keyin” to” li infinitive keladi.
For.ex: You ought to go home.
2.had better,would rather,would sooner(yaxshisi,maqul)dan keyin:
For.ex: you had better see a doctor.
I would rather go to the cinema.
3.watch notice
see+ bare infinitive For.ex:I saw him cross over OR I saw him crossing over
hear +gerund feel
4. Make va let fe’llaridan keyin: For.ex: Let him go.
I made him pay for the damage.
But:” passive voice”da es to bo’lishi shart. He was made to pay for the damage
5. help fe’lidan keyin to kelishi ham kelmasligi ham mumkin:
For.ex: she helped me (to) fill my application form.
Gerund
Gerund quyidagicha zamonlarga ega:

	Active	Passive
Present	repairing	being repaired
Present Continuous	-	-
Present Perfect	having repaired	having been repaired
Present Perfect Continuous	-	-

For.ex: He enjoys reading a book.(U kitob o’qishdan rohatlanadi)
He denied having killed James OR He denied killing James. (U
Jamesni o’ldirgani rad etdi.)
I don’t like being told what to do.(Men menga nima qilishni aytishlarini
yoqtirmayman)
Gerund quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi:
Gerund o’zbek tilidagi harakat nomiga to’gri keladi va ko’pincha otga yaqin turadi.Gerund o’zbek tiliga “-(i)sh” deb tarjima qilinadi: swimming-suzish kabi.
1.Gerund ot vazifasida keladi.
For.ex: Walking is good exercise.(Piyoda yurish yaxshi badan –tarbiyadir)
2.Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin:

admit-tan olmoq
adore-juda yoqtirmoq
advocate-qo’llab quvvatlamoq
appreciate-qadrlamoq,minnatdor bo’lmoq
avoid-oldini olmoq,saqlanmoq
can’t help-o’zini tiyib turolmaslik
carry on-davom etmoq
compare-taqqoslamoq,solishtirmoq
consider-deb hisoblamoq,o’ylab ko’rmoq
contemplate-kuzatmoq,hayoliga keltirmoq
delay-kechiktirmoq,keyinga surmoq
deny-rad qilmoq
detest-juda yomon ko’rmoq
discuss-muhokama qilmoq
dislike-yoqtirmaslik
end up-tugatmoq
endure-chidamoq,sabr qilmoq
enjoy-rohatlanmoq
escape-qochmoq
face-duch kelmoq,yuz tutmoq
fancy-xohlamoq,yoqtirmoq
feel like- xohlamoq,yoqtirmoq
foresee-oldindan ko’rmoq,bilmoq
finish-tugamoq,tugatmoq
give up-voz kechmoq,to’xtatmoq
include-o’z ichiga olmoq
imagine-tasavvur qilmoq
involve-taqozo etmoq,o’z ichiga olmoq
justify- tasdiqlamoq, oqlamoq
keep (on)-davom ettirmoq
mention-eslatib o’tmoq, aytib o’tmoq
mind-qarshi fikr bildirmoq,qarshi bo’lmoq
miss-sog’inmoq,o’tkazib yubormoq
postphone-kechiktirmoq, keyinga qoldirmoq
practise-mashq qilmoq,amaliyot o’tamoq
put off-kechiktirmoq
risk-tavakkal qilmoq
suggest-taklif qilmoq
recommend-tavsiya qilmoq
resent-
risk-tavakkal qilmoq
take up-
tolerate

For.ex:Have you ever considered going to live in another country?
(Sen hech boshqa davlatda yashashga borishni o’ylab ko’rganmisan)
3.”To go + activities” ya’ni “go” fe’lidan keyin mashg’ulotni ifodalovchi fe’llar ke’lsa Gerund ishlatiladi:
To go swimming (suzishga bormoq)
To go jogging (yugurmoq,yugurishga bormoq)
To go sailing (yelkanli qayiqda suzishga bormoq)
To go shopping (xarid qilmoq,xaridga bormoq)
To go fishing (baliq oviga bormoq)
To go skating (konki uchishga bormoq)
To go climbing (toqqa chiqishga bormoq)
To go skiing (chang’i uchishga bormoq
To go sightseeing (ko’rishga arzirli joylarga bormoq)
For.ex: I’d like to go skiing(Men chang’i uchishga borishni xohlayman)
4.Quyidagi birikmalardan keyin:

To be busy-band bo’lmoq
Can’t stand-chidab tura olmaslik
Can’t help-tiyib tura olmaslik
have difficulty (in)-qiyinchillikka duch kelmoq
have trouble-muammoga duch kelmoq
have a hard/difficult time- qiyinchillikka duch kelmoq
It is no use/It’s no good-foydasiz
There’s no point in-foydasiz
What’s the point of-nima foyda
What’s the use of-nima foyda
It’s worth-arziydi
It’s not worth –arzimaydi

For.ex: I had difficulty finding a job(Men ish topishda qiyinchillikka duch keldim)
He can’t stand being treated like a slave(U unga qulday munosabat
bildirishlariga chidab tura olmaydi)
It is not worth reading this book.(Bu kitob o’qishga arzimaydi)
5.Quyidagi uchta fe’ldan keyin gerund ishlatiladi:
Spend (time/money)-o’tkazmoq,sarflamoq
waste (time/money)-behuda sarflamoq
lose (time/money)-yo’qotmoq
For.ex: He lost $1000000 investing in unsuccessful companies
(U muvaffaqiyatsiz kompaniyalarga investitsiya kiritish bilan 1mln$ni yo’qotdi.)
He spends his free time digging the garden.(U bo’sh vaqtini bog’ni kovlash bilan o’tkazdi)
I waste a lot of time playing computer games.(Men ko’p vaqtimni kompyuter o’yinlari o’ynash bilan o’tkazaman.
Note: Shuningdek a waste of money/time + “ -ing “ ham bo’lishi mumkin.
For.ex: It was a waste of time reading that book. It was rubbish.
(O’sha kitobni o’qish behuda vaqt sarflashdir. U safsata.)
6.Predloglardan keyin 99.99% gerund ishlatiladi: (Turn out{bo’lib chiqmoq} fe’lidan tashqari, u bilan to infinitive:The truth turned out to be stranger than we expected) )
For.ex: He left the shop without paying(U pul to’lamasdan do’konni tark etdi.)
She was accused of stealing.(U o’girlikda ayblandi)

	Preposition	Verb (-ing)
Are you interested	in	playing	the guitar?
I’m not very good	at	learning	languages
Sue must be fed up	with	studying
What are advantages	of	having	car?
Thanks very much	for	inviting	me to your party.
How	about	meeting	for lunch tomorrow?
Why don’t you go out	instead of	sitting	at home all the times
Carol went to work	in spite of	feeling	ill