Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

II. Sifatlar o’z navbatida 2 ga bo’linadi:

Opinion adjective	Fact adjective
nice	size(big,small,tall,large…)
interesting	age(new,old,young…)
delicious	shape(round,square,triangle…)
beautiful	colour(blue,grey,white…)
important	origin(Japanese, swiss…)
boring	material(plastic,wooden…)

Order of adjectives( sifatlarning gapdagi tartibi).
a)bir otning oldidan bir necha sifat kelsa, quyidagicha joylashadi:

Opinion adjective	Fact adjective
	size	age	shape	colour	Origin	material	used for	noun
It is a fantastic	small	new	round	red	Swiss	plastic	alarm	clock

b)Tartib son(the first,second…) va {the next},{the last} so’zlari sanoq sondan(one,two…) oldin joylashadi:
For.ex: the first two weeks, the next three number.
c) quyidagi sifatlardan keyin hech qachon ot kelmaydi:

afraid-qo’rqqan
alike-o’xshash, bir xil
alive-tirik
alone-yolg’iz
ashamed-uyalgan,uyatchan
asleep-uxlayotgan,uyquda
awake-uyg’oq
content-mamnun,shod,xursand
glad-mamnun,xursand
ill-kasal
pleased-mamnun,xursand

For.ex: He was alone at home. (NOT: alone boy)
III. Degrees of adjective
Ingliz tilida 3ta sifat darajasi mavjud:
1.Positive(oddiy daraja)
2.comparative(qiyosiy daraja)
3.superlative(orttirma daraja)
2.Comparative degree quyidagicha yasaladi.
-bir yoki ayrim ikki bog’inli sifatlarga “-(e)r” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali.
-ayrim ikki yoki undan ortiq bog’inli sifatlarning oldidan “more/less” so’zini qo’yish orqali.
3.Superlative degree quyidagicha yasaladi:
-bir yoki ayrim ikki bog’inli sifatlarga “-(e)st” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali.
-ayrim ikki yoki undan ortiq bog’inli sifatlarning oldidan “the most/least” so’zini qo’yish orqali.

BIR BO’GINLI VA AYRIM IKKI BO’GINLI SIFATLAR
POSITIVE		COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
sharp		Sharper	the sharpest
deep		Deeper	the deepest
simple		Simpler	the simplest
clever		Cleverer	the cleverest
large		Larger	the largest
big		Bigger	the biggest
hot		Hotter	the hottest
thin		Thinner	the thinnest
happy		Happier	the happiest
early		Earlier	the earliest
dirty		Dirtier	the dirtiest
happy		Happier	the happiest

AYRIM IKKI YOKI UNDAN ORTIQ BO’GINLI SIFATLAR
POSITIVE		COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
active		more/less active	the most/least active
unusual		more/less unusual	the most/least unusual
famous		more/less famous	the most/least famous
difficult		more/less difficult	the most/least difficult
interesting		more/less interesting	the most/least interesting
angry		more/less angry	the most/least angry
careful		more/less careful	the most/least careful
pleasant		more/less pleasant	the most/least pleasant
exciting		more/less exciting	the most/least exciting

SHUNINGDEK AYRIM SIFATLAR BUNGA AMAL QILMAYDI VA ULAR IRREGULAR ADJECTIVE HISOBLANADI:
POSITIVE		COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
good		Better	the best
bad		Worse	the worst
much/many/a lot of		More	the most
little		Less	the least
far		further/farther	the furthest/farthest
old		older/elder	the oldest/eldest

Ushbu qoidaga eslatma :
1.Far-uzoq,yiroq Farther/further (uzoqroq) The farthest/furthest(juda uzoq)
Bu yerda “further” shuningdek “qo’shimch” yoki “yana” ma’nolariga ega
For.ex: we need further information.
2 .Old-qari,eski Older(qariroq,eskiroq) The oldest (juda qari,eski)
Elder(katta,to’ng’ich) The eldest (katta, to’ng’ich)(oila a’zolariga nisbatan ishlatiladi)
Sifat darajalarining ishlatilishi
1.ODDIY DARAJA QUYIDA HOLATLARDA ISHLATILADI:
a) VERY, MOST (=VERY), SO, TOO, EXTREMELY + POSITIVE DEGREE;
For. ex: It is very cold today.
This is most unusual (=It is very unusual)
b) AS + POSITIVE DEGREE + AS
NOT SO/AS+ POSITIVE DEGREE + AS (bu qurilma bir otni boshqa bir ot bilan teng yoki teng emasligini bildiradi)
For. ex: She is as tall as I am /me (U mendek uzun)
It is not so/as hot as it was yesterday.( Havo kechagidek issiq emas.)
c) TWICE/THREE TIMES/....TIMES/HALF AS + POSITIVE DEGREE + AS (...ga qaraganda 2 marta/3 marta/...marta/yarim marta)
MANY +NOUN
MUCH
ADVERB
For. ex: My watch is twice as expensive as yours(Mening soatim senikiga qaraganda ikki marta qimmat.)
This book costs three times as much as that book(Bu kitob o’sha kitobga qaraganda uch baravar qimmat turadi)
He ate three times as many eggs as I did. ( U menga qaraganda uch marta ko’p tuxum yedi)
d) S + V +THE SAME + NOUN(weight/width/depth/legnth/size) +AS+ NOUN/PRONOUN
For. ex: Your dress is the same colour as mine.(Sening ko’ylaging menikiday bir xil rangda)
The Amu Daryo is the same depth as the Sir Daryo
2.QIYOSIY DARAJA QUYIDA HOLATLARDA ISHLATILADI:
a) QIYOSIY DARAJA HAR DOIM 2 TA SHAXS YOKI NARSA QIYOSLANISHI SHART. BUNDAY HOLLARDA ‘THAN ‘ (..GA QARAGANDA) BOG’LOVCHISIDAN FOYDALANILADI, LEKIN AYRIM HOLLARDA ‘THAN’ TUSHIB QOLISHI MUMKIN.
For. ex: English is easier than French. ( Ingliz tili fransuz tiliga qaraganda osonroq)
This book is not interesting. Give me more interesting one.
b) EVEN/ A LOT/ MUCH/ FAR/A BIT/ A LITTLE/ SLIGHTLY/ CONSIDERABLY/A GREAT DEAL/ A GOOD DEAL + COMPARATIVE DEGREE
For. ex: This area has become considerably more crowded and far noisier in the last ten years.
c) ANY/NO + COMPARATIVE DEGREE.( SO’ROQ VA INKOR GAPLARDA)
For. ex: I’ve waited long enough. I’m not waiting any longer.
We expected their house to be very big, but it’s no bigger than ours.
d) TAKROR TAKROR HOLDA QIYOSIY QO’LLASH MUMKIN, BUNDA O’ZGARIB BORAYOTGAN ISH-HARAKATLARNI IFODALAYDI.
For. ex: Your English is improving. It is getting better and better
The city is growing fast. It’s getting bigger and bigger.
These days more and more people are learning English.
e) THE + COMP. DEGREE + (S+ V) THE + COMP DEGREE + (S+V) {QANCHALIK .....SHUNCHALIK}
For. ex: The warmer the weather, the better I feel.
f) THE + COMP. DEGREE +THE BETTER.
What kind of book do you want? The more interesting the better.
g) S + V + THE COMP. DEGREE OF THE TWO +NOUN. OR OF THE TWO +NOUN, S+ V.
For. ex: Garry is the smarter of the two boys.
i) SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR to
III.ORTTIRMA DARAJANING ISHLATILISHI.
1)Present perfect qatnashgan gaplarda ishlatiladi.
For.ex: It is the best car that I have ever driven.(Bu men haydagan eng zo’r mashina).
2)One of the + superlative plural noun + Singular verb.
For.ex: One of the greatest tennis player in the world is Johnny Black.
3.”in” predlogi bilan qo’llanilgan joy, odamlar guruhi ishlatiladigan gaplar.
For.ex: He is the cleverest student in our class. It is the most expensive T-shirt in the shop.
4.”by far “ + superlative
For.ex: She is by far the most beautiful woman.
5.S + Verb + the Superlative + Of +the + 3/4/5… +plural noun.
For.ex: John is the tallest of the three boys in the family.
6.of all-hammasidan ham.
For.ex: This room is the smallest of all.
7.Quyidagi ibora bilan Superlative ishlatiladi: To do( or try) your best - “qo’lingdan kelganini qilmoq”
For.ex: Doctors tried their best.
Extra Information For Adjective
I. -ED va -ING bilan tugaydigan sifatlarning farqi.
boring-zeikarli
interesting-qiziqarli
tiring-charchatadigan
satisfying-qoniqarli,ko’ngildagidek
depressing-tushkunlikka tushuradigan,ranjitadigan
disappointing-xafsalani pir qiladigan
surprising-ajablanarli
shocking-hayajonli,qattiq ta’sir qiladigan. bular haqiqiy sifatni ifodalaydi va “qanday “ so’rog’iga javob bo’ladi.
For.ex: He is a boring man.
bored-zerikkan
interested-qiziqqan
tiring-charchagan
satisfied-qoniqqan,ko’ngli to’lgan
depressed-tushkunlikka tushgan
disappointed-ko’ngli qolgan
surprised-ajablangan
shocked Bular kimnidir qanday his qilishini ifodalaydi va fe’lga yaqin turadi.
For.ex: I’m bored with my job
I’m not interested in my job any more.
I get very tired doing my job.
I’m not satisfied with my job.
II.S + FIND/CONSIDER/THINK + smth + adjective.
For.ex: I find this film boring.
III. No longer /Any more /Any longer
Bu so’zlar o’zbek tiliga” boshqa” degan tarjimani berib,faqat inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi. No longer egadan keyin any more va any longer faqat gap oxirida keladi
For.ex: Katie no longer studies at the University.
Katie doesn’t work here any more/any longer

IV. Sifatning yasalishi:

a)sifat yasovchi qo’shimchalar orqali;

-able comfortable
-al accidental
-ant reluctant
-ar circular
-ary imaginary
-ate passionate
-ent dependent
-esque picturesque-
-ful careful
-ian Italian
-ible horrible
-ic historical
-ical historical
-ious victorious
-ish childish
-ist racist
-ive attractive
-less careless
-like businesslike
-ly friendly
-ory compulsory
-ous dangerous
-some wholesome
-y lucki

b)present participle. a time-consuming task, a never-ending story.

c)past participle. a broken-down car
d)well, badly,ill, poorly + past participle. a well-paid job, a poorly –built house, ill-chosen remark
e)cardinal numbers + nouns. a two-day seminar
Note: shuningdek , two days’ seminar


Extra information for NON-FINITE FORM of the VERB