Практикум по синхронному переводу с русского языка на английский

бьет и по тем — here too, the original verb needs some rephrasing.
"Strikes" or "affects" can render the verb, or this can be reworded as
"mass and chronic unemployment is also a problem for those..."

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12. 
    первопричиной многих социальных зол — "the root cause of many
    social ills" would do it, but the interpreter can simplify further:
    "unemployment... underlies/explains/many social problems."
    

12. 
    и не надо забывать о том... — it is not absolutely necessary to
    translate this и as "and." "Nor" gives emphasis to the idea and stresses
    the negative nuance.
    

12. 
    конкретным результатом — this phrase should be translated as the
    nominative subject of the sentence. "Specific" is usually much more
    idiomatic in English than "concrete."
    

12. 
    приняты — this is a tricky sentence, with a plural verbal form as the
    first word followed by a list. The plural should set off an alarm bell in the
    interpreter's head and prompt "There has been" or an attempt at
    rephrasing such as "We have seen the adoption of..." to clear the way for
    

• a listing of the measures adopted.

16. 
    проводится опережающее обучение работников — here we have
    another orphaned verb wailing for a subject, which the interpreter must
    hastily supply. "There has been" or "We have seen" takes care of both