messianic title, as some have supposed.¹⁸ The question is, “We hear what
you are doing; should we interpret this as the ministry of the Messiah I
predicted?” The suggestion that it might be necessary to look for another
candidate suggests that John was hoping for something more explicitly
“messianic” and probably more judgmental, but we are not told what that
might be.
4–5 John’s disciples have already reported to John what they have seen and
heard, according to v. 2, but this further report which Jesus asks them to
take includes not only perhaps some further examples of the sort of actions
they had already reported, but more importantly a theological framework
within which they are to be understood. The words of v. 5 not only list many
of the more striking aspects of what has been narrated in chs. 8–9, but do so
using words which closely echo several prophecies of Isaiah, especially Isa
35:5–6 and 61:1 (cf. also 26:19; 29:18; 42:18), the former a description of
the blessings which will accompany the coming of God himself to judge and
save, and the latter setting out the manifesto of the one anointed by God to
proclaim his salvation.¹ The details selected focus on future blessings rather
than on the eschatological judgment which is also found in these Isaiah
passages (and which might have conformed more closely to John’s
expectations). The visible activity of Jesus thus conforms to the scriptural
blueprints for God’s eschatological deliverance, whether in his own person
or through an anointed Messiah; the answer to John’s question is yes.²
For the narrative basis for the six individual claims (which Matthew has
arranged in pairs) see: blind cured, 9:27–31; lame walking, 9:2–8; lepers
cleansed, 8:1–4; deaf hearing, 9:32–33;²¹ dead raised, 9:18–26. For the good
news to the poor see not only 4:17, 23 but also chs. 5–7 as a whole, and
especially the beatitudes which begin with the promise of the kingdom of heaven
to the “poor in spirit.” Isa 35:5–6 provides the scriptural basis for the cure of
blind, deaf (and dumb) and lame; Isa 61:1is about good news to the poor and
oppressed, with no reference to physical healing in most translations of the
Hebrew text, though the LXX version does include also “recovery of sight for
the blind.”²² The healing of lepers and the raising of the dead do not occur in
these eschatological prophecies (or in others, except for the “resurrection”
promise of Isa 26:19), so that Jesus’ ministry is seen to exceed its scriptural
models by catering also for the reputedly incurable conditions of leprosy and
death (see 2 Kgs 5:7, and introductory comments on 8:1–4). The whole
theological argument is achieved not by direct quotation of the relevant Isaiah
texts,²³ but by an evocative drawing together of motifs of eschatological blessing
which anyone familiar with Isaiah’s prophecies could hardly fail to recognize. In
the compassionate ministry of Jesus God is visiting his people as he had
promised.
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