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INCREASING THE SIZE OF YOUR ATTENTIONAL SPACE
Most of the focus strategies I’ve discussed so far involve becoming a better custodian of
your attentional space. In addition to more deliberately managing it, you can also
increase its size.
To recap, the size of attentional space is determined by a measure
that cognitive
psychology refers to as “working memory capacity”—how many pieces of data you can
hold in your mind simultaneously (usually about four chunks of information). The greater
your working memory capacity, the more information you can hold at the same time and
the greater your ability to process complex tasks.
As well as allowing you to take on more complex tasks, expanding your attentional
space offers other benefits. A higher working memory capacity has been shown to
reduce mind wandering when you’re focused on complex tasks. When your mind does
wander, it actually wanders
more productively
—the larger the size of your attentional
space, the more likely you are to think about (and plan for) the future. Even better, a
larger attentional space means you’ll have extra attention to think about what you’ll work
on next, while keeping your original intention in mind. A larger attentional space also
helps you get back on track quicker after your mind wanders or you become distracted.
One study expressed this memorably when it stated that possessing a greater working
memory capacity “enables [you] to take full advantage of these underutilized resources
and return to [your] favored mental
destination.”
*
So how exactly
do
you expand the size of your attentional space?
There are many “brain training” apps and websites that promise to build memory and
attention. Simply put, most of their claims are dubious
—in laboratory studies, they
simply don’t hold water. While a few brain-training programs
work in the short term and
help you remember a bit more and problem-solve a bit better, their impact ends there.
You have to stick with them for several hours a week in order for them to continue
working, and as soon as you stop, you lose the gains you’ve made. One study
measured the effectiveness of these programs across a sample size of 11,430
participants. It found “no evidence”
that the apps worked, even when the tasks they
measured were the ones they were designed to improve!
There is, however, one practice that has been proven in study after study to increase
working memory capacity: meditation.
Meditation gets a bad rap and often conjures images of a monk meditating in a cave.
In practice it’s actually quite simple. Like hyperfocus, meditation involves continually
returning your focus to a single object of attention
—usually your breath—as soon as
you notice your mind has wandered from it.
In brea
thing meditation (the most common form, and the one I’ve personally
practiced for about a decade), you notice the characteristics of your breath: how deeply
it
ebbs and flows, its temperature, where it is most prominent in your body, how your in-
breath transitions to your out-
breath, and so on. Since observing your breath doesn’t
consume your full attention, your mind will wander
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