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2.4 Sight Translation
Written-oral simultaneous translation, or the so-called translation
"from sight" is distinguished by a mixed modality of perception, i.e.
listening comprehension is complemented by visual perception of the text.
A.F. Shiryaev writes that this type of translation occupies an intermediate
position between interpreting oral speech and interpreting written
materials. G.V. Chernov argues that text-based simultaneous translation
is secondary and optional, arguing that ST from a sheet "ceases to be
synchronous ... because what constitutes an essential characteristic of ST
- the continuity of the communication channel - is violated" [Chernov,
1987, with. eight]. In a ST situation, sight translation is used when there
is a text of a speech or a document that will be read at the event, but which
has not yet been translated.
2.5 Simultaneous reading of pre-translated text
Another type of ST stands out - the simultaneous reading of a pre-
translated text, which in American culture, according to Lyn Wisson, is
called ‘Van Doren’ [Wisson, 1999, p. 23]. Interpreter adjusts to the
speaker's speech, so that the translation sounds like in actual simultaneous
translation, correcting the text if necessary. As with sight translation, the
linearity and continuity of the act of communication are violated.
Accordingly, simultaneous reading of a previously translated text is an
optional type of simultaneous translation. In a ST situation, this type of
translation is used when there are already translated materials that will be
read in the speech. This happens, for example, at UN meetings.
Relatively recently, the joint venture received a new round of
development and gave rise to a new type of translation - synchronous-
sequential (simconsec). He requires the presence of technical equipment -
headphones and a sound recording device. When the speaker speaks a
section of text in the original language, the interpreter listens and
optionally takes notes. At this time, a piece of text is recorded on a sound
recorder. The speaker pauses for translation, the interpreter listens to what
was said in headphones and performs simultaneous translation, while
relying on notes or a ready-made version of the translation that he keeps
in mind. For the recipient, such translation is sequential, but for the
translator it is mixed, which serves as a kind of insurance and minimizes
the losses that are typical for any type of interpretation [Technology-
assisted interpreting].
Simconsec can be indispensable in cases where the interpreter, due
to various circumstances, cannot hear the speaker's speech clearly and
loudly enough. For example, if the speaker is speaking from the stage, and
the interpreter is standing at a distance or behind the scenes, and,
accordingly, the sound of the voice is directed to the hall, in conditions of
increased noise levels in the workplace and on the street. To avoid sound
quality problems, with the presenter's permission, you can attach a
microphone with a recording device to his clothing.
Thus, based on the analysis of various types of simultaneous
translation, it can be concluded that their diversity is determined by
various conditions for its use: the number of foreign guests, the number
of languages, the source of the text (oral speech, video materials, a
combination of oral and written text), the presence or absence of a special
equipment, type of event (bilateral negotiations, conference, theatrical
performance, etc.).
When the speaker's speech during simultaneous translation is
supplemented by the presence of written materials, translated and
untranslated, secondary types of ST appear (sight translation,
simultaneous reading of the translated text).
Outside the ST system, there is a mixed type of simultaneous and
consecutive interpreting, which combines their various features to
maximize the accuracy of translation and convenience for the interpreter.
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